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©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Nephrol. Jul 6, 2015; 4(3): 374-378
Published online Jul 6, 2015. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v4.i3.374
Published online Jul 6, 2015. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v4.i3.374
Early renal failure as a cardiovascular disease: Focus on lipoprotein(a) and prothrombotic state
Cristiana Catena, GianLuca Colussi, Francesca Nait, Francesca Pezzutto, Flavia Martinis, Leonardo A Sechi, Clinica Medica, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
Author contributions: Catena C and Sechi LA planned the article outline, retrived articles from the literature, wrote the manuscript; Colussi G, Nait F, Pezzutto F and Marinis F retrieved articles from the literature and critically reviewed the manuscript.
Supported by A European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST-BM1301) grant (to Catena C); and by a generous contribution of the PierSilverio Nassimbeni Foundation (to Catena C and Sechi LA).
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Leonardo A Sechi, MD, Clinica Medica, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 208, 33100 Udine, Italy. sechi@uniud.it
Telephone: +39-432-559804 Fax: +39-432-559890
Received: January 20, 2015
Peer-review started: January 20, 2015
First decision: February 7, 2015
Revised: April 2, 2015
Accepted: April 27, 2015
Article in press: April 29, 2015
Published online: July 6, 2015
Processing time: 167 Days and 15.8 Hours
Peer-review started: January 20, 2015
First decision: February 7, 2015
Revised: April 2, 2015
Accepted: April 27, 2015
Article in press: April 29, 2015
Published online: July 6, 2015
Processing time: 167 Days and 15.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic renal failure and even patients with moderate impairment of renal function have an increased risk to develop cardiovascular events. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors have a leading role in the pathophysiology of accelerated atherosclerosis of patients with renal failure, but emerging non-traditional factors might also be involved. Evidence of a possible contribution of lipoprotein(a) and prothrombotic state to cardiovascular outcomes of patients with early renal failure is discussed in this editorial.