Platelets and depression in cardiovascular disease: A brief review of the current literature

Table 1 Summary of major specific platelet pathway findings in depression and coronary artery disease

Platelet pathway	Results	Population studied	Ref.
Integrin receptor	No change in expression	Depressed-Hamilton scale	[25]
α2bβ3 (GP IIb/IIIa)	Increased expression with orthostatic challenge	Depressed	[17]
Integrin Glycoprotein Ib	Increased expression	Depressed-Hamilton scale	[25]
P-selectin	Increased with orthostatic challenge	Depressed	[17]
P-selectin	Increased	Depressed-Hamilton scale	[25]
β TG + PF4	Increased expression	Depressed with CAD - SCID, HDRS ≥ 15, CGI ≥ 4	[19,20,22]
5HT amplified Epinephrine whole blood platelet aggregation	Increased	MDD-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders	[24]
ADP Induced PRP aggregation	No change	Depressed	[24,25]
5HT amplified ADP platelet aggregation	No change	MDD- Hamilton	[26]
Platelet 5-HT level	decreased	Depression	[29-31]
5-HT2A	Increased density/Upregulation	Depressed/Suicide	[42-44,46]
5HT-Transporter (SERT)	Decreased binding	Depressed	[37]
5HT Uptake	Unchanged	Depressed	[38]
Thrombin	Increased thrombin stimulated Inositol phosphate formation	Depressed	[74,75]
α adrenergic receptor	Increased density	MDD	[79,80]
	No change	MDD	[81]
Adenosine	Blunted intracellular calcium response	MDD	[82]
BDNF	Decreased platelet levels	Depression	[91]

ADP: Adenosine diphosphate; CAD: Coronary artery disease; MDD: Major depressive disorder; BDNF: Brian derived neurotrophic factor.