Cell-free DNA in extracellular vesicles: A candidate biomarker of schizophrenia

Table 1 The association between cell-free DNA and schizophrenia

Ref.	Sample source	Sample capacity	Cf-DNA types	Method	Results
Ershova et al[74]	Plasma	SCZ: 83, HCs: 30	Cf-DNA	PG	Cf-DNA no change
Jiang et al[75]	Plasma	SCZ: 65, HCs: 62	Cf-DNA	FCS, RT-PCR	Cf-DNA concentrations increased
Ershova et al[76]	Plasma	SCZ: 100, HCs: 96	Cf-DNA, cf-rDNA	PG, NQH	Cf-DNA concentrations increased; cf-rDNA copy number increased
Qi et al[77]	Serum	SCZ: 164, HCs: 100	Cf-DNA	RT-qPCR	Alu concentration increased
Chen et al[78]	Serum	SCZ: 174, HCs: 100	Cf-DNA	RT-qPCR	Alu concentration increased
Jestkova et al[79]	Plasma	SCZ: 381, HCs: 95	Cf-DNA	PG	Cf-DNA concentrations increased
Nikitina et al[80]	Plasma	SCZ: 38, HCs: 34	Cf-DNA	PG	Cf-DNA concentrations increased; mtDNA-CN decreased
Ershova et al[81]	Plasma	SCZ: 100, HCs: 60	Cf-DNA	RT-qPCR	Cf-DNA concentrations increased
Lubotzky et al[82]	Plasma	SCZ: 29, HCs: 31	Cf-DNA	PG, NGS	Cf-DNA concentrations increased
Li et al[83]	Plasma	SCZ: 191, HCs: 65	Cf-DNA	FCS	Cf-DNA concentrations increased, cf-gDNA increased, cf-mtDNA no change

SCZ: Schizophrenia; cf-DNA: Cell-free DNA; HCs: Healthy controls; PG: PicoGreen fluorescence; FCS: Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy; RT-qPCR: Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; cf-rDNA: Cell-free ribosomal DNA; NQH: Nonradioactive quantitative hybridization; mtDNA-CN: Mitochondrial DNA copy number; NGS: Next-generation sequencing; cf-gDNA: Cell-free genomic DNA; cf-mtDNA: Cell-free mitochondrial DNA.