Correlation of anxiety and depression with pain in patients with diabetic foot ulcers and analysis of risk factors

Table 1 Anxiety and depression conditions in patients with diabetic foot ulcers, mean ± SD, n (%)

Psychologic status	None	Mild	Moderate	Severe
SAS	64 (60.38)	35 (33.02)	7 (6.60)	0 (0.00)
Average score	47.12 ± 7.77
SDS	60 (56.60)	43 (40.57)	3 (2.83)	0 (0.00)
Average score	51.17 ± 5.71

SAS: Self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: Self-rating depression scale.

Table 2 Correlations of self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale with visual analog scale scores in diabetic foot ulcer patients

Correlation	r value	P value
SAS and VAS	0.540	< 0.001
SDS and VAS	0.457	< 0.001

VAS: Visual analog scale; SAS: Self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: Self-rating depression scale.

Table 3 Univariate analysis of anxiety and depression in patients with diabetic foot ulcers, n (%)

Variable	No anxiety or depression (n = 44)	Anxiety or depression (n = 62)	χ2	P value
Sex			5.925	0.015
Male	29 (65.91)	26 (41.94)
Female	15 (34.09)	36 (58.06)
Age (years)			9.947	0.002
< 50	14 (31.82)	39 (62.90)
≥ 50	30 (68.18)	23 (37.10)
Course of diabetes mellitus (years)			0.452	0.798
< 5	11 (25.00)	19 (30.65)
5-10	20 (45.45)	25 (40.32)
> 10	13 (29.55)	18 (29.03)
Wagner’s grade			4.127	0.042
I-III	32 (72.73)	33 (53.23)
IV-V	12 (27.27)	29 (46.77)
Other complications			5.632	0.018
Without	34 (77.27)	34 (54.84)
With	10 (22.73)	28 (45.16)
Married			0.431	0.512
No	22 (50.00)	27 (43.55)
Yes	22 (50.00)	35 (56.45)
Smoking history			5.130	0.024
Yes	31 (70.45)	30 (48.39)
No	13 (29.55)	32 (51.61)
Alcoholism history			0.800	0.371
No	30 (68.18)	37 (59.68)
Yes	14 (31.82)	25 (40.32)

Table 4 Assignments

Variable	Variable	Assignment
Sex	X1	Male = 0, female = 1
Age (years)	X2	< 50 = 0, ≥ 50 = 1
Wagner’s grade	X3	I-III = 0, IV-V = 1
Other complications	X4	Without = 0, with = 1
Smoking history	X5	Without = 0, with = 1
VAS	X6	Continuous variable

VAS: Visual analog scale.

Table 5 Multivariate analysis of anxiety and depression in patients with diabetic foot ulcers

Variable	β	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
Sex	0.092	0.498	0.034	0.854	1.096	0.413-2.909
Age (years)	−1.048	0.463	5.119	0.024	0.351	0.141-0.869
Wagner’s grade	1.097	0.517	4.512	0.034	2.996	1.089-8.264
Other complications	0.921	0.499	3.409	0.065	2.512	0.945-6.677
Smoking history	0.868	0.501	3.006	0.083	2.382	0.893-6.356
VAS	0.473	0.201	5.556	0.018	1.605	1.083-2.378

VAS: Visual analog scale; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.