Risk factors for anxiety and depression in patients with atopic dermatitis and their impact on prognosis

Table 1 Comparison of hospital anxiety and depression scale assesses anxiety and depression scores among patients with different baseline data

Characteristic	n	HADS-A	t/F value	P value	HADS-D	t/F value	P value
Gender			-2.420	0.187		-2.384	0.287
Male	127	6.66 ± 3.44			6.26 ± 3.19
Female	146	7.73 ± 3.82			7.23 ± 3.46
Age (years)			-0.101	0.222		1.067	0.699
< 35	158	7.22 ± 3.87			6.96 ± 3.38
≥ 35	115	7.26 ± 3.42			6.52 ± 3.35
Marital status			0.856	0.426		3.292	0.039
Unmarried	102	7.59 ± 3.97			7.28 ± 3.41
Married	154	6.98 ± 3.46			6.33 ± 3.19
Divorced or widowed	17	7.41 ± 3.84			7.76 ± 4.15
Educational level			1.092	0.004		-0.282	0.105
High school and below	113	7.53 ± 3.98			6.71 ± 3.54
College degree or above	160	7.03 ± 3.45			6.83 ± 3.25
Place of residence			0.060	0.393		1.331	0.135
Rural area	95	7.25 ± 3.87			6.29 ± 3.43
City	168	7.22 ± 3.59			6.58 ± 3.32
Disease duration (year)			-1.558	0.004		-1.921	0.001
< 5	87	6.77 ± 3.07			6.21 ± 2.74
≥ 5	186	7.45 ± 3.92			7.04 ± 3.60
Degree of skin lesion			7.751	0.001		19.471	0.000
No or slight	92	6.37 ± 3.00			5.40 ± 2.01
Moderate	149	7.34 ± 3.70			7.09 ± 3.50
Severe	32	9.25 ± 4.55			9.28 ± 4.10
Degree of pruritus			8.543	0.000		30.358	0.000
Slight	75	6.15 ± 2.70			5.12 ± 1.97
Moderate	88	6.86 ± 3.28			6.07 ± 2.18
Severe	110	8.27 ± 4.28			8.47 ± 4.08
Number of visits per month			-2.812	0.000		-2.480	0.000
< 3	154	6.68 ± 3.25			6.32 ± 3.01
≥ 3	119	7.96 ± 4.07			7.36 ± 3.71
Self-care ability			1.003	0.368		1.056	0.349
Low level	48	7.92 ± 4.21			7.33 ± 3.93
Intermediate level	134	7.10 ± 3.54			6.79 ± 3.35
High level	91	7.07 ± 3.59			6.46 ± 3.06
Sleep disorders			-2.477	0.000		-2.802	0.000
No	106	6.58 ± 3.23			6.10 ± 2.84
Yes	167	7.65 ± 3.89			7.20 ± 3.61
Family history			-0.542	0.398		-1.330	0.632
No	209	7.17 ± 3.64			6.63 ± 3.35
Yes	64	7.45 ± 3.82			7.27 ± 3.41
Smoking history			0.541	0.438		1.145	0.918
No	240	7.28 ± 3.75			6.88 ± 3.34
Yes	33	6.91 ± 3.16			6.00 ± 3.54
Drinking alcohol history			0.585	0.670		1.127	0.348
No	231	7.29 ± 3.73			6.87 ± 3.42
Yes	42	6.93 ± 3.44			6.24 ± 3.06
Food allergy			-0.033	0.065		-2.601	0.000
No	85	7.22 ± 3.18			6.11 ± 2.40
Yes	188	7.24 ± 3.89			7.08 ± 3.69
Allergic rhinitis			-1.448	0.041		-1.040	0.556
No	126	6.89 ± 3.51			6.55 ± 3.35
Yes	147	7.65 ± 3.81			6.97 ± 3.38
Asthma			-1.738	0.022		-1.638	0.000
No	162	7.06 ± 3.56			6.67 ± 3.09
Yes	111	7.87 ± 3.99			7.41 ± 4.01

Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical methods: Two-tailed independent t-test (equal variances); One-way analysis of variance. HADS-A: Hospital anxiety and depression scale assesses anxiety score; HADS-D: Hospital anxiety and depression scale assesses depression score.

Table 2 Binary logistic regression analysis of risk factors for anxiety in patients with atopic dermatitis

Item	B	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
						Lower	Upper
Educational level	-1.085	0.313	11.985	0.001	0.338	0.183	0.625
Disease duration	0.125	0.337	0.138	0.710	1.134	0.585	2.195
Degree of skin lesion			2.697	0.260
	0.599	0.481	1.552	0.213	1.820	0.709	4.671
	0.991	0.606	2.674	0.102	2.693	0.821	8.830
Degree of pruritus			0.087	0.958
	0.128	0.503	0.064	0.800	0.880	0.328	2.361
	0.047	0.552	0.007	0.932	0.954	0.323	2.814
Number of visits	0.833	0.314	7.036	0.008	2.300	1.234	4.255
Sleep disorders	0.699	0.341	4.216	0.004	2.013	1.032	3.923
Allergic rhinitis	0.719	0.320	5.062	0.024	2.052	1.097	3.839
Asthma	0.222	0.323	0.474	0.491	0.801	0.425	1.508

Statistical method: Binary logistic regression analysis. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 3 Binary logistic regression analysis of risk factors for depression in patients with atopic dermatitis

Item	B	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
						Lower	Upper
Marital status			2.816	0.245
	-0.625	0.380	2.709	0.100	0.535	0.255	1.127
	-0.142	0.683	0.043	0.835	0.868	0.228	3.307
Disease duration	0.680	0.419	2.628	0.105	1.973	0.868	4.489
Degree of skin lesion			2.509	0.285
	0.466	0.655	0.506	0.477	1.593	0.442	5.746
	1.100	0.765	2.086	0.150	3.006	0.671	13.467
Degree of pruritus			9.440	0.009
	0.725	0.802	0.817	0.366	2.065	0.428	9.953
	1.922	0.835	5.298	0.021	6.837	1.330	35.132
Number of visits	1.092	0.374	8.504	0.004	2.979	1.430	6.205
Sleep disorders	0.809	0.411	3.874	0.049	2.245	1.033	5.024
Food allergy	0.809	0.438	3.420	0.064	2.247	0.953	5.298
Asthma	0.792	0.402	3.873	0.049	2.208	1.003	4.859

Statistical method: Binary logistic regression analysis. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 4 Comparison of the scoring atopic dermatitis and dermatology life quality index scores among patients with different emotional symptoms

	Anxiety		t value	P value	Depression		t value	P value
	Yes	No			Yes	No
SCORAD	46.78 ± 20.27	39.44 ± 18.47	-2.630	0.010	53.81 ± 20.08	38.14 ± 17.63	-5.261	0.020
DLQI	9.58 ± 5.71	7.81 ± 5.12	-2.259	0.026	11.46 ± 6.05	7.45 ± 4.81	-4.537	0.000

Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical method: Two-tailed independent t-test (equal variances). SCORAD: Scoring atopic dermatitis; DLQI: Dermatology life quality index.

Table 5 Bivariate correlation between each factor and quality of life score (dermatology life quality index)

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
HADS-A	1
HADS-D	0.337b	1
SCORAD	0.249b	0.361b	1
Self-care ability	-0.049	-0.047	0.076	1
Sleep disorders	0.133a	0.142a	0.147a	0.021	1
Number of visits	0.310b	0.322b	0.512b	0.038	0.170b	1
Degree of pruritus	0.240b	0.416b	0.693b	-0.021	0.168b	0.519b	1
Disease duration	0.064	0.045	-0.012	-0.030	0.068	0.046	-0.052	1
DLQI	0.265b	0.376b	0.925b	0.059	0.224b	0.533a	0.743b	-0.002	1

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

Statistical method: Pearson correlation analysis. HADS-A: Hospital anxiety and depression scale assesses anxiety score; HADS-D: Hospital anxiety and depression scale assesses depression score; SCORAD: Scoring atopic dermatitis; DLQI: Dermatology life quality index.