Neural correlates of rumination in remitted depressive episodes: Brain network connectivity and topology analyses

Figure 1 The rumination-distraction task paradigm. The picture from top to bottom shows six states in the task: Resting state I, negative autobiographical state, rumination state, mindfulness state, distraction state, resting state II. The left four columns show the stimulus prompts in the six states. The right columns show the questions after each state. NCEE: National college entrance examination.

Figure 2 Results of significantly different edges between rumination and distraction states. A: The chord map of the higher functional connectivity (FC) during rumination. Different color represents different subnetwork. A chord connecting two subnetworks indicates that there is a significant FC between the two subnetworks, where the thickness represents the number of significant FC; B: The matrix map shows the number of significantly higher FC between subnetworks during rumination; C: The chord map of the lower FC during rumination; D: The matrix map shows the number of significantly lower FC between subnetworks during rumination, compared to distraction state. SMot: Motor and somatosensory; CON: Cingulo-opercular; AUD: Auditory; DMN: Default mode; VIS: Visual; FPN: Frontoparietal; SAN: Salience; Subc: Subcortical; VAN: Ventral attention; DAN: Dorsal attention; CBN: Cerebellar network. All the figures above were drawn by Bioimage Suite (https://bioimagesuiteweb.github.io/webapp/connviewer.html?species=human#).

Figure 3 Comparisons of the topological metrics between rumination and distraction states. ^aP < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction; NS: No significant difference between two states after Bonferroni correction.