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©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Psychiatr. Mar 22, 2017; 7(1): 12-33
Published online Mar 22, 2017. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v7.i1.12
Published online Mar 22, 2017. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v7.i1.12
Functional neuroanatomy in panic disorder: Status quo of the research
Thomas Sobanski, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Thueringen-Kliniken GmbH, 07318 Saalfeld, Germany
Gerd Wagner, Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group Jena, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
Author contributions: All authors contributed to this paper with conception and design of the study, literature review and analysis, drafting and critical revision and editing, and final approval of the final version.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Data sharing statement: As this was a systematic review of published data there were no participants to be approached for informed consent for data sharing. No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Thomas Sobanski, MD, Chief, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Thueringen-Klinken GmbH, Rainweg 68, 07318 Saalfeld, Germany. sobanskit@aol.com
Telephone: +49-3671-541750 Fax: +49-3671-541759
Received: September 5, 2016
Peer-review started: September 5, 2016
First decision: October 20, 2016
Revised: November 16, 2016
Accepted: January 11, 2017
Article in press: January 14, 2017
Published online: March 22, 2017
Peer-review started: September 5, 2016
First decision: October 20, 2016
Revised: November 16, 2016
Accepted: January 11, 2017
Article in press: January 14, 2017
Published online: March 22, 2017
Core Tip
Core tip: This systematic review is focused on the most current research in the functional neuroanatomy of panic disorder. Recent neurofunctional studies suggest that the “fear network”, as proposed by Gorman et al, may need to be amended by additional regions (ACC, insula). Most recently, imaging genetic studies have not only confirmed the importance of serotonergic and noradrenergic transmission in the etiology of panic disorder (PD) but also indicated the significance of neuropeptide S receptor and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor gene variants. Imaging genetics studies are of major importance for the refining of the neuroanatomical model, because genetic risk variants may significantly influence fear network activity in PD.