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World J Psychiatry. Nov 19, 2026; 16(11): 123981
Published online Nov 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.123981
Published online Nov 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.123981
Triglyceride-glucose index combined with a body shape index in relation to sleep problems and sleep duration
Yong-Cai Zhang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian Province, China
Zhen-Zhen Yu, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361000, Fujian Province, China
Wen-Tao Zheng, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian Province, China
Chen Wang, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated with Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Xiamen 361000, Fujian Province, China
Co-first authors: Yong-Cai Zhang and Zhen-Zhen Yu.
Co-corresponding authors: Wen-Tao Zheng and Chen Wang.
Author contributions: Zhang YC and Yu ZZ performed data analysis as co-first authors; Zhang YC and Wang C designed and implemented the study; Zheng WT and Wang C have played important and indispensable roles in the experimental design as co-corresponding authors; Zhang YC, Yu ZZ, Zheng WT and Wang C collected and analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
AI contribution statement: ChatGPT (OpenAI, GPT-5.5) was used to assist with English translation, language editing, sentence restructuring, and formatting during manuscript preparation. It was not used to generate research data, perform statistical analyses, or independently determine the interpretation of results, conclusions, or references. All AI-assisted content was critically reviewed, verified, and revised by the authors, who take full responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the manuscript.
Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, No. 2026J0011829; the Xiamen Health High-Quality Development Science and Technology Program Medical Innovation Project, No. 2024GZL-CX38; and the Guangdong Mental Health Association, No. 2025GDMHA002.
Institutional review board statement: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey protocols were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board, and all participants provided written informed consent. The present study utilized publicly available, de-identified data and was therefore exempt from additional institutional review.
Informed consent statement: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey protocols were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board, and all participants provided written informed consent. The present study utilized publicly available, de-identified data and was therefore exempt from additional written informed consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest in publishing the manuscript.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement – checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement – checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: The datasets analyzed in this study are publicly available through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey website. The statistical code is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Corresponding author: Chen Wang, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xianyue Hospital Affiliated with Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Psychiatric Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, No. 387-399 Xianyue Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361000, Fujian Province, China. wangchen1986xm@163.com
Received: June 5, 2026
Revised: July 30, 2026
Accepted: September 21, 2026
Published online: November 19, 2026
Processing time: 147 Days and 0.1 Hours
Revised: July 30, 2026
Accepted: September 21, 2026
Published online: November 19, 2026
Processing time: 147 Days and 0.1 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This population-based study used survey-weighted data from United States adults to assess the association of the triglyceride-glucose index combined with a body shape index with self-reported sleep problems and sleep duration. Higher triglyceride-glucose index combined with a body shape index was associated with greater odds of sleep problems, while analyses suggested a possible nonlinear association with sleep duration among participants with sleep problems. Depressive symptoms exhibited a statistical suppression effect rather than conventional mediation. These findings extend evidence on metabolic-sleep associations by integrating metabolic and body-shape information and warrant prospective validation.