BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge
Observational Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Psychiatry. Sep 19, 2026; 16(9): 121385
Published online Sep 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.121385
Self-acceptance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: Associations with social anxiety and social support
Yan-Miao Han, Wen-Wen Miao, Xin-Jing Li, Meng-Xia Yang, Jing-Xian Niu, Wen-Jun Wang, Yu-Rong Xing
Yan-Miao Han, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
Wen-Wen Miao, Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
Xin-Jing Li, Meng-Xia Yang, Jing-Xian Niu, Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
Wen-Jun Wang, Department of Gynaecological Clinic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
Yu-Rong Xing, Department of International Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
Co-first authors: Yan-Miao Han and Wen-Wen Miao.
Co-corresponding authors: Wen-Jun Wang and Yu-Rong Xing.
Author contributions: Han YM and Miao WW contributed equally to this work and share first authorship. Han YM and Miao WW were responsible for study conception and design; Li XJ, Yang MX, and Niu JX contributed to data collection and data management; Han YM, Miao WW, and Wang WJ performed the statistical analysis and interpreted the data; Han YM drafted the initial manuscript; Miao WW and Li XJ critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content; Wang WJ and Xing YR supervised the study, provided administrative support, and are co-corresponding authors. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. On behalf of all authors Rationale for designating two co-corresponding authors Wang WJ and Xing YR are designated as co-corresponding authors because both made essential and complementary contributions to the conception, supervision, implementation, and revision of this study. Wang WJ provided major academic guidance in the gynecological and clinical aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome, including study design, patient recruitment, clinical interpretation of the findings, and quality control of the clinical data. Xing YR provided overall supervision, administrative coordination, methodological guidance, and critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. Both authors contributed substantially to ensuring the scientific integrity, clinical relevance, and final presentation of the work. They also share responsibility for communication with the journal, post-publication correspondence, data-related inquiries, and coordination among the study team. Therefore, assigning both authors as co-corresponding authors accurately reflects their equal senior supervisory roles and their shared responsibility for the manuscript.
AI contribution statement: We confirm that AI tools, including ChatGPT, were used only for limited language polishing and proofreading of the response to reviewers document, mainly to improve grammar, clarity, and readability. AI tools were not used to generate the scientific content of the responses, decide how to address the reviewers’ comments, revise the study design, analyze data, perform statistical analysis, interpret the results, or draw conclusions. All responses to the reviewers were prepared, checked, revised, and approved by the authors. The authors take full responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and scientific validity of the response document and the revised manuscript.
Supported by Key Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province, No. 262102311030; and Special Program for Nursing Research (Nursing Team) Project, No. HLKY2023006.
Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2024-KY-1574-002. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the Declaration of Helsinki.
Informed consent statement: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment. Participants were informed of the purpose and procedures of the study, and their right to withdraw at any time without any consequences.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this study.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement checklist for cross-sectional/observational studies, and the manuscript was prepared and revised in accordance with the STROBE guidelines.
Data sharing statement: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Corresponding author: Yu-Rong Xing, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of International Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China. fccxyr@zzu.edu.cn
Received: March 30, 2026
Revised: April 20, 2026
Accepted: June 12, 2026
Published online: September 19, 2026
Processing time: 150 Days and 4.5 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with significant psychological distress, including anxiety and impaired self-perception. Self-acceptance is an important indicator of psychological well-being in patients with PCOS, yet the roles of social anxiety and social support in shaping self-acceptance remain insufficiently understood.

AIM

To examine the associations among social anxiety, perceived social support, and self-acceptance in patients with PCOS, to explore whether perceived social support represents a potential indirect pathway between social anxiety and self-acceptance, and to identify factors associated with self-acceptance.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling. Patients with PCOS attending a gynecology outpatient clinic between April and December 2024 were recruited. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Social Anxiety Subscale of the Self-Consciousness Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Self-Acceptance Questionnaire. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were performed. An exploratory mediation analysis was conducted using PROCESS Model 4. Given the cross-sectional design, the mediation model was interpreted as an indirect association rather than evidence of causal ordering.

RESULTS

A total of 366 patients were included. The mean social anxiety score was 18.86 ± 4.50, the mean social support score was 61.27 ± 13.17, and the mean self-acceptance score was 41.39 ± 7.30. Self-acceptance was positively correlated with social support (r = 0.429, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with social anxiety (r = -0.598, P < 0.001). Social support was negatively correlated with social anxiety (r = -0.247, P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression identified ethnicity, number of appearance manifestations, social support, and social anxiety as independent factors associated with self-acceptance.

CONCLUSION

Self-acceptance in patients with PCOS was associated with both social anxiety and perceived social support. Perceived social support may represent one interpersonal pathway linking social anxiety with self-acceptance; however, causal direction cannot be established because of the cross-sectional design. These findings support the integration of psychological assessment and social support strategies into PCOS care.

Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome; Self-acceptance; Social anxiety; Social support; Psychological factors; Cross-sectional study

Core Tip: This study highlights the importance of psychological and social factors in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We found that self-acceptance was negatively associated with social anxiety and positively associated with perceived social support. Exploratory mediation analysis suggested that perceived social support may partly explain the association between social anxiety and self-acceptance. Because this was a cross-sectional study, the findings should be interpreted as indirect associations rather than causal evidence. These results may help inform psychological assessment and supportive interventions for patients with PCOS.

Write to the Help Desk