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World J Psychiatry. Oct 19, 2022; 12(10): 1287-1297
Published online Oct 19, 2022. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i10.1287
Artificial intelligence-assisted psychosis risk screening in adolescents: Practices and challenges
Xiao-Jie Cao, Xin-Qiao Liu
Xiao-Jie Cao, Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Xin-Qiao Liu, School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
Author contributions: Liu XQ designed the study; Cao XJ and Liu XQ wrote the manuscript and managed the literature analyses; all authors approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xin-Qiao Liu, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Education, Tianjin University, No. 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China. xinqiaoliu@pku.edu.cn
Received: July 11, 2022
Peer-review started: July 11, 2022
First decision: August 1, 2022
Revised: August 9, 2022
Accepted: September 22, 2022
Article in press: September 22, 2022
Published online: October 19, 2022
Abstract

Artificial intelligence-based technologies are gradually being applied to psych-iatric research and practice. This paper reviews the primary literature concerning artificial intelligence-assisted psychosis risk screening in adolescents. In terms of the practice of psychosis risk screening, the application of two artificial intelligence-assisted screening methods, chatbot and large-scale social media data analysis, is summarized in detail. Regarding the challenges of psychiatric risk screening, ethical issues constitute the first challenge of psychiatric risk screening through artificial intelligence, which must comply with the four biomedical ethical principles of respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and impartiality such that the development of artificial intelligence can meet the moral and ethical requirements of human beings. By reviewing the pertinent literature concerning current artificial intelligence-assisted adolescent psychosis risk screens, we propose that assuming they meet ethical requirements, there are three directions worth considering in the future development of artificial intelligence-assisted psychosis risk screening in adolescents as follows: nonperceptual real-time artificial intelligence-assisted screening, further reducing the cost of artificial intelligence-assisted screening, and improving the ease of use of artificial intelligence-assisted screening techniques and tools.

Keywords: Psychosis risk, Adolescents, Artificial intelligence, Big data, Social media, Medical ethics, Chatbot, Machine learning

Core Tip: Artificial intelligence-assisted psychosis risk screening must be emphasized and applied in adolescents. This review summarizes the application of two artificial intelligence-assisted screening methods (chatbot and large-scale social media data analysis), and proposes that the first challenge in applying artificial intelligence to psychosis risk screening concerns ethical issues. The methods must follow four biomedical ethics principles, i.e., respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. Three directions should be considered in the future: nonperceptual real-time artificial intelligence-assisted screening, further reducing the cost of artificial intelligence-assisted screening, and improving the ease of use of artificial intelligence-assisted screening techniques and tools.