Evaluation of oxidant-antioxidant status in overweight and morbidly obese Saudi children

Table 1 Characteristics, glucose and hemoglobin levels of obese and control children enrolled in the study n (%)

Characteristic	Subjects
	Normal weight	Overweight	Obese
	(n = 66)	(n = 83)	(n = 64)
Gender
Boys	42 (63.6)	60 (72.3)	41 (64.1)
Girls	24 (33.4)	23 (27.7)	23 (35.9)
Age, yr
Mean ± SE	9.5 ± 1.2	9.7 ± 1.8	9.4 ± 1.5
P value	0.089	0.1431	0.1631
Residence
Urban	44 (66.7)	55 (66.3)	40 (62.5)
Rural	22 (33.3)	28 (33.7)	24 (37.5)
Anthropometry
Height in cm	141.9 ± 2.1	142.3 ± 2.4	141.1 ± 2.9
Mean ± SE
P value		0.7031	0.9941
Body weight in kilogram		67.7 ± 5.4	139.7 ± 5.9
Mean ± SE	39.2 ± 3.4	0.00012	0.00012
P value		22.4 ± 2.3	32 ± 3.8
BMI		0.00012	0.00012
Mean ± SE	16.4 ± 1.7
P value		0.89 ± 1.28	2.16 ± 2.64
BMI z-score		0.00012	0.00012
Mean ± SE
P value	0.03 ± 0.32
Waist/hip ratio
Mean ± SE	0.77 ± 0.15	0.79 ± 0.16	0.88 ± 0.16
P value		0.6021	0.00042
Age in years
Mean ± SE	9.9 ± 1.6	9.9 ± 1.9	9.6 ± 2.1
P value		0.6161	0.7241
Glucose (mg/dL)
Mean ± SE	80.1 ± 2.9	81.7 ± 2.3	83.5 ± 2.2
P value		0.7191	0.0751
Hb (g %)
Mean ± SE	14.2 ± 1.1	13.9 ± 3.4	13.8 ± 3.9
P value		0.6741	0.7411
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean ± SE	115.6 ± 6.8	115.5 ± 7.4	116.2 ± 9.1
P value		0.8741	0.7941
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean ± SE	68.8 ± 6.4	67.6 ± 5.1	68.8 ± 7.1
P value		0.7281	0.8351

Values are presented in means ± SE. BMI: Weight in kg/height in m².

¹non-significant values of overweight and obese groups vs control;

²significant values of overweight and obese groups vs control. Comparison of the means was evaluated by ANOVA. BMI: Body mass index; Hb: Hemoglobin; ANOVA: Analysis of variance.

Table 2 Erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and reduced glutathione concentration

Group	SOD	CAT	GSH-Px	GSSG-R	GSH
	(U/g Hb)	(mg/g Hb)	(mg/g Hb)	(mg/g Hb)	(mg/g Hb)
Normal weight
n	66	66	66	66	66
Mean ± SE	224.6 ± 5.3	85.4 ± 2.7	41.4 ± 2.6	42.4 ± 1.6	69.5 ± 1.9
Over weight
n	83	83	83	83	83
Mean ± SE	252.7 ± 6.5	99.7 ± 3.7	56.8 ± 3.5	56.3 ± 2.5	66.7 ± 2.8
P value	0.0011	0.0011	0.0011	0.0011	0.011
Obese
n	64	64	64	64	64
Mean ± SE	181.7 ± 7.2	68.3 ± 5.1	37.3 ± 5.9	32.9 ± 4.6	33.3 ± 2.1
P value	0.00112	0.00112	0.00112	0.00112	0.00112

Values are presented in means ± SE.

¹Significant values of overweight and obese vs control;

²Significant values of obese vs overweight group. Comparison of the means was evaluated by ANOVA. SOD: Superoxide dismutase; CAT: Catalase; GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; GSSG-R: Glutathione reductase; GSH: Reduced glutathione concentration.