Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of optic nerve and chiasmal pathologies

Figure 1 Magnetic resonance imaging-oriented roadmap of the anterior visual pathway.

Figure 2 Practical magnetic resonance imaging protocol for optic nerve and chiasmal evaluation. ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; DTI: Diffusion tensor imaging; DWI: Diffusion-weighted imaging; FLAIR: Fluid attenuated inversion recovery; GRE: Gradient echo; MRA: Magnetic resonance angiography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; MRV: Magnetic resonance venography; STIR: Short TI inversion recovery; SWI: Susceptibility-weighted imaging.

Figure 3 Comparative magnetic resonance imaging phenotypes of multiple sclerosis-associated, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder-associated, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease-associated optic neuritis. MOGAD: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; MS: Multiple sclerosis; NMOSD: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Figure 4 Compressive lesions along the optic nerve-chiasm axis and associated visual field patterns. A: Pituitary macroadenoma; B: Craniopharyngioma; C: Tuberculum sellae meningioma; D: Optic nerve sheath meningioma; E: Parasellar aneurysm. OD: Oculus dexter; OS: Oculus sinister.

Figure 5 Magnetic resonance imaging features distinguishing ischemic optic neuropathy from inflammatory optic neuritis. ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; DWI: Diffusion-weighted imaging; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; MS: Multiple sclerosis; NA-AION: Nonarteritic-anterior ischemic optic neuropathy; STIR: Short TI inversion recovery.