Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of optic nerve and chiasmal pathologies

doi:10.5318/wjo.119850

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World Journal of Ophthalmology

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2218-6239

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Ophthalmol. Sep 12, 2026; 10(1): 119850
Published online Sep 12, 2026. doi: 10.5318/wjo.119850

Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of optic nerve and chiasmal pathologies

Yehya Tlaiss, Jawad Hmayed, Mohammad Mneimneh, Georges Sarraf, Rhea Gharios, Issa Zalzali, Alaa Tarchichi

Yehya Tlaiss, Mohammad Mneimneh, Rhea Gharios, Alaa Tarchichi, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Balamand, Beirut 1100, Beyrouth, Lebanon

Jawad Hmayed, Georges Sarraf, Department of Radiology, University of Balamand, Beirut 0000, Beyrouth, Lebanon

Issa Zalzali, Department of Internal Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 0000, Beyrouth, Lebanon

Author contributions: Tlaiss Y was responsible for conceptualization, writing, supervision, and manuscript revision; Hmayed J was responsible for study design, literature review, and drafting; Mneimneh M was responsible for data curation, image selection, and manuscript drafting; Sarraf G was responsible for literature review, section drafting, and critical revision; Gharios R was responsible for data synthesis, editing, and formatting; Zalzali I was responsible for figure preparation, technical review, and editing; Tarchichi A was responsible for reference management, proofreading, and formatting; all of the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest in publishing the manuscript.

Corresponding author: Yehya Tlaiss, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Balamand, Hazmieh, Beirut 1100, Beyrouth, Lebanon. yehyatlaiss@hotmail.com

Received: February 7, 2026
Revised: February 28, 2026
Accepted: April 29, 2026
Published online: September 12, 2026
Processing time: 215 Days and 5.2 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Magnetic resonance imaging plays a central role in evaluating optic nerve and optic chiasmal disorders, yet diagnostic uncertainty often arises from overlapping clinical presentations. This mini-review introduces a practical, pattern-based magnetic resonance imaging framework that emphasizes protocol optimization, key enhancement and diffusion features, and common imaging pitfalls specific to the anterior visual pathway. By highlighting distinguishing imaging phenotypes across inflammatory, ischemic, compressive, neoplastic, and vascular etiologies, this review provides radiologists with concise, high-yield guidance to improve diagnostic confidence and support timely multidisciplinary management.