Benefits of Ilizarov automated bone distraction for nerves and articular cartilage in experimental leg lengthening

doi:10.5312/wjo.v8.i9.688

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 8, Issue 9

This Article

Academic Content and Language Evaluation of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article

Total Article Views (7477)

All Articles published online

The chart showing PDF series, WORD series, HTML series, Figures (1-6) series, Tables (1-8) series.

Item

Count

PDF

368

WORD

198

HTML

2901

Figures (1-6)

168

Tables (1-8)

182

Sum=3817

Featured Article

The chart showing Browse series, Download series.

Item

Count

Browse

749

Download

1045

Sum=1794

Publishing Process of This Article

Item

Count

Browse

887

Download

979

Sum=1866

Sep 18, 2017 (publication date) through Apr 26, 2024

Times Cited of This Article

Times Cited (10)

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Orthopedics

ISSN

2218-5836

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Basic Study

World J Orthop. Sep 18, 2017; 8(9): 688-696
Published online Sep 18, 2017. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v8.i9.688

Table 1 M-response amplitudes in leg muscles

t-points of EMG-testing	M. gastrocnemius		M. tibialis anterior
t-points of EMG-testing	mean ± SE (mV)	Difference vs initial (%)	mean ± SE (mV)	Difference vs initial (%)
Initial (before experiment)	32.0 ± 2.9	-	22.6 ± 1.3	-
M-group - manual distraction (1 mm/d in 4 steps)
28 d of distraction	13.4 ± 3.1	-58.1	8.8 ± 1.9	-61.1
30 d of fixation	10.6 ± 4.6	-66.9	8.3 ± 1.3	-63.3
30 d without apparatus	16.3 ± 5.8	-49.1	8.9 ± 0.1	-60.6
A-group - automatic distraction (1 mm/d in 60 steps)
28 d of distraction	12.0 ± 1.7	-62.5	12.7 ± 1.6^a	-43.8
30 d of fixation	11.9 ± 1.2^a	-62.8	10.5 ± 0.5^a	-53.5
30 d without apparatus	18.3 ± 4.6^a	-42.8	14.0 ± 2.0^a	-38.1

^aP < 0.05 vs group M.

Table 2 Areas of nerves histologic transverse sections (A_n)

Nerves/group and t-points	Tibial nerve		Peroneal nerve
Nerves/group and t-points	(mean ± SD) (10⁴ mKm²)	Difference vs contra-lateral (%)	(mean ± SD) (10⁴ mKm²)	Difference vs contra-lateral (%)
M-group - manual distraction (1 mm/d in 4 steps)
28 d of distraction	353.7 ± 34.8	3	41.6 ± 9.4	-2
30 d of fixation	291.6 ± 26.2	-4	63.6 ± 1.1	-11^a
30 d without apparatus	248.7 ± 29.2	3	53.3 ± 8.8	-3
A-group - automatic distraction (1 mm/d in 60 steps)
28 d of distraction	287.3 ± 60.0	-2	56.2 ± 3.4	-1
30 d of fixation	306.8 ± 76.7	15^a^c	75.8 ± 16.3	-1^c
30 d without apparatus	224.8 ± 31.1	10^c	46.5 ± 1.1	1

^aP < 0.05 vs contralateral;

^cP < 0.05 vs group M.

Table 3 Summary fascicular areas (A_f) in transverse histologic sections of nerves

Nerves/group and t-points	Tibial nerve		Peroneal nerve
Nerves/group and t-points	(mean ± SD) (10⁴ mKm²)	Difference vs contra-lateral (%)	(mean ± SD) (10⁴ mKm²)	Difference vs contra-lateral (%)
M-group - manual distraction (1 mm/d in 4 steps)
28 d of distraction	68.7 ± 6.9	-8	18.8 ± 8.1	-15
30 d of fixation	73.5 ± 5.8	-7	40.1 ± 2.3	-1
30 d without apparatus	54.2 ± 4.8	9^a	27.8 ± 9.5	14^a
A-group - automatic distraction (1 mm/d in 60 steps)
28 d of distraction	83.7 ± 13.5	-9^a	25.7 ± 2.5	-16^a
30 d of fixation	86.8 ± 13.5	-4	29.6 ± 7.0	1
30 d without apparatus	82.0 ± 6.4	5	25.9 ± 0.6	0^c

^aP < 0.05 vs contralateral;

^cP < 0.05 vs group M.

Table 4 Numerical densities of microvessels (N_Amv) in endoneurium

Nerves/group andt-points	Tibial nerve		Peroneal nerve
Nerves/group andt-points	mean ± SE (mm^-2)	Difference vs intact (%)	mean ± SE (mm^-2)	Difference vs intact (%)
Intact	182 ± 22	-	141 ± 8	-
M-group - manual distraction (1 mm/d in 4 steps)
28 d of distraction	180 ± 11	-1.1	192 ± 47^a	36.17
30 d of fixation	203 ± 3^a	11.54	157 ± 36	11.35
30 d without apparatus	187 ± 10	2.75	197 ± 52^a	39.72
A-group - automatic distraction (1 mm/d in 60 steps)
28 d of distraction	135 ± 21^a	-25.8^c	164 ± 8^a	16.31^c
30 d of fixation	181 ± 30	-0.5^c	171 ± 29^a	21.28^c
30 d without apparatus	219 ± 22^a	20.3^c	164 ± 28^a	16.31^c

^aP < 0.05 vs intact;

^cP < 0.05 vs group M.

Table 5 Average morphometric parameters of tibial myelinated nerve fibers (mean ± SE)

Parameters/group and t-points	Share of degenerated nerve fibers (%)	Nerve fibers diameters (mKm)	Axonal diameters (mKm)	Myelin sheath thickness (mKm)
Intact control	1.6 ± 0.2	6.75 ± 0.01	4.63 ± 0.13	1.06 ± 0.02
M-group - manual distraction (1 mm/d in 4 steps)
28 d of distraction	5.0 ± 0.7^a	6.91 ± 0.17	4.57 ± 0.19	1.16^a ± 0.01
30 d of fixation	4.0 ± 0.9^a	6.77 ± 0.47	4.44 ± 0.28^a	1.17 ± 0.10
30 d without apparatus	4.4 ± 2.4	6.61 ± 3.19	4.37 ± 2.10^a	1.12 ± 0.64
A-group - automatic distraction (1 mm/d in 60 steps)
28 d of distraction	2.4 ± 0.7^b	6.29 ± 0.13	4.63 ± 0.10	0.83 ± 0.02^a
30 d of fixation	0.5 ± 0.2^a^c	6.88 ± 0.11	4.99 ± 0.10^a	0.95 ± 0.12
30 d without apparatus	0.9 ± 0.1^a^c	7.26 ± 0.13^a	5.05 ± 0.09^a	1.11 ± 0.05

^aP < 0.05 vs intact;

^cP < 0.05 vs group M.

Table 6 Average morphometric parameters of peroneal myelinated nerve fibers (mean ± SE)

Parameters/group andt-points	Share of degenerated nerve fibers (%)	Nerve fibers diameters (mKm)	Axonal diameters (mKm)	Myelin sheath thickness (mKm)
Intact control	1.9 ± 0.3	6.46 ± 0.07	4.39 ± 0.08	1.04 ± 0.04
M-group - manual distraction (1 mm/d in 4 steps)
28 d of distraction	6.0 ± 1.4^a	5.37 a ± 0.41	3.69 ± 0.29^a	0.84 ± 0.09^a
30 d of fixation	4.3 ± 1.3^a	6.09 ± 0.63	4.44 ± 0.57	0.98 ± 0.06
30 d without apparatus	4.2 ± 0.4^a	5.90 ± 0.43	4.10 ± 0.10^a	0.90 ± 0.17^a
A-group - automatic distraction (1 mm/d in 60 steps)
28 d of distraction	4.0 ± 0.8^a^c	5.56 ± 0.26^a	3.70 ± 0.53^a	0.92 ± 0.13
30 d of fixation	3.3 ± 0.1^a^c	5.62 ± 0.07^a	3.91 ± 0.09^a	0.85 a ± 0.07
30 d without apparatus	2.4 ± 0.6^c	6.17 ± 0.45	4.14 ± 0.16	1.01 ± 0.06

^aP < 0.05 vs intact;

^cP < 0.05 vs group M.

Table 7 Average morphometric parameters of articular cartilage (mean ± SD)

Parameters/group and t-points	Cartilage thickness (mKm)	Chondrocytes volumetric density (%)	Isogenic groups	Empty lacunas
Parameters/group and t-points	Cartilage thickness (mKm)	Chondrocytes volumetric density (%)	(% of chondrocyte sample)
Intact control	475.5 ± 1.31	9.03 ± 1.51	14.5	13.6
M-group - manual distraction (1 mm/d in 4 steps)
28 d of distraction	710.3 ± 7.16^a	4.13 ± 0.28^a	24.7	29.97
30 d of fixation	421.1 ± 4.81^a	5.1 ± 0.27^a	20.18	20.85
30 d without apparatus	416.9 ± 4.37^a	5.6 ± 0.19^a	16.1	21.12
A-group - automatic distraction (1 mm/d in 60 steps)
28 d of distraction	356.45 ± 1.55^a^c	8.34 ± 0.48^a^c	25.6	24.3
30 d of fixation	392.7 ± 2.12^a^c	6.8 ± 0.45^a^c	28.8	16.3
30 d without apparatus	464.6 ± 6.51^c	7.96 ± 0.37^a^c	29.9	15.4

^aP < 0.05 vs intact;

^cP < 0.05 vs group M.

Table 8 Content of sulfur and calcium in articular cartilage (mean ± SD, weight %)

Parameters/group and t-points	ωS	ωCa
Intact control	1.26 ± 0.02	0.15 ± 0.02
M-group - manual distraction (1 mm/d in 4 steps)
28 d of distraction	0.71 ± 0.01^a	0.19 ± 0.02^a
30 d of fixation	0.96 ± 0.02^a	0.39 ± 0.03^a
30 d without apparatus	0.94 ± 0.02^a	0.27 ± 0.02^a
A-group - automatic distraction (1 mm/d in 60 steps)
28 d of distraction	0.79 ± 0.01^a	0.16 ± 0.01^c
30 d of fixation	1.09 ± 0.02^a^c	0.18 ± 0.02^c
30 d without apparatus	1.15 ± 0.02^c	0.20 ± 0.02^a^c

^aP < 0.05 vs intact;

^cP < 0.05 vs group M.

Citation: Shchudlo N, Varsegova T, Stupina T, Shchudlo M, Saifutdinov M, Yemanov A. Benefits of Ilizarov automated bone distraction for nerves and articular cartilage in experimental leg lengthening. World J Orthop 2017; 8(9): 688-696
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v8/i9/688.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v8.i9.688