Biotribology of artificial hip joints

doi:10.5312/wjo.v6.i1.77

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World Journal of Orthopedics

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2218-5836

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Orthop. Jan 18, 2015; 6(1): 77-94
Published online Jan 18, 2015. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v6.i1.77

Table 1 Geometrical characteristics of hip implants: head diameter D_h and diametrical clearance Cl

Head/cup	D_h (mm)	Cl (μm)
MoP	22.2-44	160-400
CoP	22.2-36	160-400
MoM	22.2-54	50-150
MoM_RHR	42-62	50-300
CoC	22.2-44	20-100

MoP: Metal on plastic; CoP: Ceramic on plastic; MoM_RHR: Metal on metal resurfacing; CoC: Ceramic on ceramic.

Table 2 Implant material properties: Young’s modulus E, Poisson’s ratio v and surface roughness R_a

Material		E (GPa)	n	R_a (μm)
P	UHMWPE	0.5-1	0.4	0.1-2
M	CoCrMo	230	0.3	0.01-0.05
C	Biolox delta	350	0.26	0.001-0.005

Table 3 Experimental estimations of coefficient of friction for different bearing types, obtained using 25% and 100% bovine serum as lubricants (test conditions: load range 0.1-2 kN, rotation ± 25°, frequency 1 Hz)[32,33]

Head/cup	COF 25% Bovine serum	COF 100% Bovine serum
MoP	0.062 (+ 0.008)	0.064 (± 0.01)
CoP	0.056 (+ 0.01)	0.06 (± 0.012)
MoM	0.12 (± 0.02)	0.096 (± 0.012)
MoM_RHR	0.098 (± 0.02)	0.079 (± 0.011)
CoC	0.04 (+ 0.007)	0.056 (± 0.01)

COF: Coefficient of friction; CoP: Ceramic on plastic; MoM_RHR: Metal on metal resurfacing; CoC: Ceramic on ceramic.

Table 4 Theoretical estimation of the lubrication regime according to equation (17)

Head/cup	h_min (μm)	R_a (μm)	λ	Lubricationregime
MoP	0.065-0.144 (0.105)	0.1-2	0.1-1	Boundary to Mixed
CoP	0.076-0.107 (0.092)	0.1-2	0.05-0.9	Boundary to Mixed
MoM	0.020-0.061 (0.041)	0.014-0.071	0.6-2.9	Boundary to Mixed
MoM_RHR	0.082-0.049 (0.066)	0.014-0.071	0.9-4.6	Boundary to Fluid-film
CoC	0.035-0.045 (0.04)	0.0014-0.0071	5.7-28.3	Fluid-film

The range of h_min is obtained considering two geometrical cases extracted from Table 1: minimum D_h combined with lowest Cl; maximum D_h combined with higher Cl. The averaged h_min reported in the bracket is used for calculating λ. Test case: W = 2 kN, ω = 2 rad/s, μ = 2.5 mPas.

Table 5 Typical wear rates reported in clinical studies (when available, the average value is indicated in the brackets)

Head/cup	h_clin (μm/Mc)	V_clin (mm³/Mc)
MoP	50-500 (50)	10-500 (80)
CoP	30-150	15-50
MoM (RI)	1-50	0.1-25
MoM (SS)	0.1-1	0.05-4
MoM_RHR (RI + SS)	0.2-10	0.2-2.9
MoM_RHR (ADT)	1.5-46	0.2-95
CoC	0.01-1	0.005-2

RI: Running-In; SS: Steady state; ADT: Adverse tissue reaction; 1 Mc: 10⁶ cycles.

Citation: Puccio FD, Mattei L. Biotribology of artificial hip joints. World J Orthop 2015; 6(1): 77-94
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v6/i1/77.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v6.i1.77