Spontaneous pneumothorax in a 17-year-old male patient with multiple exostoses: A case report and review of the literature

Table 1 Review of the pneumothoraxes caused by costal exostoses

No	Ref.	Year	Age	Exostosis location	Tumor size	Primary treatment	Treatment		Outcome
1	[26]	1952	27	Lt. 8th rib	2-5 cm	Rest	Thoracotomy	Wide resection of the rib. Rubbed over talc to the pleura	Recurrence
2	[27]	1991	21	Rt. 6,7th ribs	N/A	Rest	Thoracotomy	Wide resection of the ribs. Suturing of lung and pleura	Good
3	[3]	2010	17	Lt. 5th rib	2.8 cm	Rest	VATS	Bony spur resection. Scraped down the surface	Good
4	[31]	2011	15	Lt. rib	3 cm	Rest	Observation		Good
5	[28]	2012	30	Rt. 4th rib	1.3 cm	Rest	VATS and Thoracotomy	Wide resection of the rib. Wedged resection of the lobe. Reconstruction with metal plate	Good
6	[32]	2013	12	Lt. 4th rib	N/A	Drainage	VATS	Bony spur resection	Good
7				Rt. rib	N/A	Drainage	VATS	Bony spur resection
8	[23]	2013	12	Rt. 5th rib	2.5 cm	Drainage	VATS	Bony spur resection	Good
9	[4]	2014	15	Lt. 3rd rib	N/A	N/A	Thoracotomy	Bony spur resection	Good
10	[24]	2014	16	Rt. 7,8th rib	N/A	Drainage	VATS	Bony spur resection	Good
11	[29]	2017	13	Lt. 5th rib	N/A	Drainage	VATS	Bony spur resection. Wedged resection of the lobe	Good
12	[25]	2018	32	Lt. 4,5th rib	N/A	Rest	VATS	Bony spur resections	Good
13	[13]	2020	15	Lt. 6th rib	4 cm	Rest	VATS	Bony spur resection. Diathermic coagulation of the pleura	Good
14	Our case	2021	17	Rt. 7th rib	5 mm	Rest	VATS	Bony spur resection. Scraped down the surface	Good

Lt.: Left; Rt.: Right; N/A: Not available; VATS: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.