Clinical Trials Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Orthop. Nov 18, 2021; 12(11): 877-890
Published online Nov 18, 2021. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v12.i11.877
Table 1 Demographic characteristics and clinical measurements of the study sample (n = 120)
Characteristics and Clinical MeasurementsDAA–nonobese (n = 30)DAA–obese (n = 30)Hardinge–nonobese (n = 30)Hardinge–obese (n = 30)P value
Age (yr)166.40 ± 7.3163.73 ± 6.9669.00 ± 9.0063.73 ± 6.960.102
Height (m)11.65 ± 0.091.64 ± 0.101.62 ± 0.081.64 ± 0.090.442
Weight (kg)173.10 ± 10.9592.63 ± 14.14a,b66.30 ± 8.1093.93 ± 16.09a,b< 0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2)126.61 ± 2.1634.27 ± 4.12a,b25.30 ± 2.0334.73 ± 4.57a,b< 0.001
Dominant lower limb, n (%)
Right24 (80.0)25 (83.3)27 (90.0)25 (83.3)0.756
Left6 (20.0)5 (16.7)3 (10.0)5 (16.7)
Affected hip, n (%)
Right15 (50.0)18 (60.0)14 (46.7)18 (60.0)0.442
Left 15 (50.0)12 (40.0)16 (53.3)12 (40.0)
Walking aid, n (%)
No25 (83.3)22 (73.3)24 (80)19 (63.3)0.292
Yes5 (16.7)8 (26.7)6 (20.0)11 (36.7)
Kellgren & Lawrence classification, n (%)
Grade 321 (70.0)19 (63.3)20 (66.7)19 (63.3)0.939
Grade 49 (30.0)11 (36.7)10 (33.3)11 (36.7)
Face Pain Scale-Revised1 (10 = worst pain)6.47 ± 1.55a6.87 ± 1.807.13 ± 1.367.60 ± 1.520.045
Timed Up and Go test (s)116.09 ± 3.07a16.07 ± 5.56a17.12 ± 5.2219.32 ± 4.990.033
Modified Harris Hip Score – Greek version1 (100 = max best score)41.00 ± 6.5533.94 ± 9.62b38.53 ± 8.1531.66 ± 11.14b< 0.001
International Hip Outcome Tool (12 items) – Greek version1 (100 = max best score)31.43 ± 9.0431.52 ± 8.2628.28 ± 9.2426.39 ± 10.000.100
Table 2 Comparison of outcomes’ scores during the observation period per group
GroupsPreoperative measurement6th postoperative week12th postoperative weekP value
Face Pain Scale-Revised (min 0 - max 10)
DAA-nonobese6.46 ± 1.551.97 ± 0.720.13 ± 0.35F(2.58) = 563.8, P < 0.001
DAA-obese6.87 ± 1.791.93 ± 0.690.30 ± 0.53F(2.58) = 293.1, P < 0.001
Hardinge-nonobese7.13 ± 1.363.20 ± 0.801.17 ± 0.70F(2.58) = 830.9, P < 0.001
Hardinge-obese7.60 ± 1.523.00 ± 0.691.00 ± 0.69F(2.58) = 673.7, P < 0.001
Timed Up and Go Test (second)
DAA-nonobese16.09 ± 3.0711.22 ± 2.297.81 ± 1.74F(2.58) = 399.81, P < 0.001
DAA-obese16.07 ± 5.5610.95 ± 2.528.02 ± 2.32F(2.58) = 89.55, P < 0.001
Hardinge-nonobese17.12 ± 5.2114.17 ± 3.6911.62 ± 3.00F(2.58) = 122.04, P < 0.001
Hardinge-obese19.32 ± 5.0016.60 ± 4.1414.33 ± 3.84F(2.58) = 289.56, P < 0.001
Modified Harris Hip Score – Greek version (min 0 – max 100)
DAA-nonobese41.00 ± 6.5470.75 ± 8.2092.41 ± 3.83F(2.58) = 1148.1, P < 0.001
DAA-obese33.94 ± 9.6263.98 ± 10.8687.83 ± 6.29F(2.58) = 893.7, p<0.001
Hardinge-nonobese38.53 ± 8.1560.68 ± 10.6882.17 ± 9.00F(2.58) = 1291.8, P < 0.001
Hardinge-obese32.07 ± 10.4153.82 ± 15.0074.38 ± 11.78F(2.58) = 1066.6, P < 0.001
International Hip Outcome Tool (12 items) – Greek Version (min 0 – max 100)
DAA-nonobese31.43 ± 9.0467.00 ± 10.0586.18 ± 10.00F(2.58) = 703.53, P < 0.001
DAA-obese31.52 ± 8.2566.06 ± 12.9588.43 ± 7.77F(2.58) = 740.71, P < 0.001
Hardinge-nonobese28.28 ± 9.2450.39 ± 15.7267.96 ± 14.77F(2.58) = 411.82, P < 0.001
Hardinge-obese26.39 ± 10.0047.21 ± 16.8863.46 ± 16.21F(2.58) = 351.81, P < 0.001
Table 3 Interaction between “body mass index” and “surgical approach” factors
Outcomes/Variables6th postoperative week12th postoperative week
Face Pain Scale-Revised F(1.116) = 1.96, P = 0.164F(1.116) = 4.11, P = 0.045
Timed Up and Go TestF(1.116) = 0.97, P = 0.328F(1.116) = 0.79, P = 0.376
Modified Harris Hip Score – Greek versionF(1.116) = 1.01, P = 0.316F(1.116) = 0.93, P = 0.337
International Hip Outcome Tool (12 items) – Greek VersionF(1.116) = 0.80, P = 0.373F(1.116) = 0.11, P = 0.917
Table 4 The % percentage changes of outcome scores, between surgical approaches, according and regardless of body mass index, compared to corresponding baseline measurements


Nonobese (ΒΜΙ < 30 kg/m2)
Obese (ΒΜΙ ≥ 30 kg/m2)
Comparison between surgical approaches regardless of BMI
Outcomes/variables
Postoperative measurements
DAA1
Hardinge1
P value3
DAA1
Hardinge1
P value3
DAA2
Hardinge2
P value3
Face Pain Scale - Revised (%)6th week-70.1 ± 6.7-55.3 ± 7.3< 0.001-70.0 ± 15.8-60.3 ± 6.90.002-70.0 ± 1.3-57.8 ± 1.3< 0.001
12th week-98.4 ± 4.1-84.4 ± 8.2< 0.001-93.3 ± 18.7-87.5 ± 8.30.429-95.8 ± 1.4-86.0 ± 1.4< 0.001
Timed Up and Go Test (%)6th week-30.1 ± 6.5-16.5 ± 4.8< 0.001-29.9 ± 10.9-13.9 ± 2.9< 0.001-30.0 ± 0.9-15.2 ± 0.9< 0.001
12th week-51.2 ± 6.4-31.4 ± 5.9< 0.001-48.5 ± 14.4-25.9 ± 3.9< 0.001-49.9 ± 1.1-28.7 ± 1.1< 0.001
Modified Harris Hip Score – Greek version (%)6th week76.2 ± 27.459.6 ± 13.90.02697.9 ± 38.571.4 ± 23.60.01287.0 ± 3.565.5 ± 3.5< 0.001
12th week132.9 ± 50.4121.4 ± 43.20.777181.4 ± 89.6147.8 ± 56.40.317157.1 ± 8.1134.6 ± 8.10.050
International Hip Outcome Tool (12 items) – Greek version (%)6th week124.4 ± 51.679.5 ± 22.9< 0.001115.7 ± 39.484.3 ± 46.00.031120.1 ± 5.381.9 ± 5.3< 0.001
12th week192.0 ± 76.1150.3 ± 43.70.048195.4 ± 64.2156.1 ± 67.50.077193.7 ± 8.3153.2 ± 8.3< 0.001
Table 5 The % percentage changes of outcome scores, between body mass index groups, according and regardless of surgical approach, compared to corresponding baseline measurements
Outcomes/variables
Postoperative measurementsDAA
Hardinge approach
Comparison between ΒΜΙ groups regardless of surgical approach
Nonobese1
Obese1
P value3
Nonobese1
Obese1
P value
Nonobese2
Obese1
P value3
Face Pain Scale - Revised (%)6th week-70.1 ± 6.7-70.0 ± 15.81.000-55.3 ± 7.3-60.3 ± 6.90.304-62.7 ± 01.3-65.1 ± 1.30.178
12th week-98.4 ± 4.1-93.3 ± 18.70.468-84.4 ± 8.2-87.5 ± 8.30.451-91.4 ± 1.4-90.4 ± 1.40.631
Timed Up and Go Test (%)6th week-30.1 ± 6.5-29.9 ± 10.91.000-16.5 ± 4.8-13.9 ± 2.90.102-23.3 ± 0.9-21.9 ± 0.90.278
12th week-51.2 ± 6.4-48.5 ± 14.40.783-31.4 ± 5.9-25.9 ± 3.90.001-41.3 ± 1.1-37.2 ± 1.10.010
Modified Harris Hip Score – Greek version (%)6th week76.1 ± 27.497.9 ± 38.50.06859.6 ± 13.971.4 ± 23.60.10267.9 ± 3.584.6 ± 3.50.001
12th week132.9 ± 50.4181.4 ± 89.60.061121.4 ± 43.2147.8 ± 56.40.186127.1 ± 8.1164.6 ± 8.10.001
International Hip Outcome Tool (12 items) – Greek version (%) 6th week124.4 ± 51.6115.7 ± 39.40.84179.5 ± 22.984.3 ± 46.00.957102.0 ± 5.3100.0 ± 5.30.793
12th week192.0 ± 76.1195.4 ± 64.21.000150.3 ± 43.7156.1 ± 67.51.000171.1 ± 8.3175.7 ± 8.30.697