Risk modeling of femoral neck fracture based on geometric parameters of the proximal epiphysis

Figure 1 In this study, a method for assessing the morphometric parameters of the proximal femur based on the projection values and angle of rotation around the anatomical axis relative to the FSP was developed. A: Bone No. 9. Triangle ABC comprised the NSA (angle CAB); AC, neck axis; and AB, diaphyseal axis segment (connecting the diameter of the diaphysis to the neck axis); B: Bone No. 9. Angle KLJ was a part of Ward’s triangle, designating the angle of the minimal resistance zone (AMRZ); C: Bone No. 7. The angle, indicating the borders of the AMRZ, was plotted on photos of gross bone sections.

Figure 2 Scheme of the constructions used to determine the angle of rotation of the bone (NOM).

Figure 3 The angle of bone rotation obtained by turning the cube corresponded to the angle measured with the second technique, which uses the previously described feature of the large spit. A: Bone No. 9. Photo of the NSA and calculation of its true value based on the projection value and the rotation angle; B: Estimation of the true AMRZ based on its projection value and the rotation angle.

Figure 4 X-ray image from the Department of Human Anatomy showing triangle ABC and the AMRZ.

Figure 5 Scatter plot showing the correlation between these parameters and the corresponding regression line.

Figure 6 A two-dimensional model of the proximal femoral epiphysis on the frontal standard projection that provides a minimal risk of femoral neck base fracture after a simple mechanical fall (falling from a patient’s own height).