Off-the-shelf 3D printed titanium cups in primary total hip arthroplasty

Figure 1 Layer-by-layer additive manufacturing was used to produce a monoblock cup with an ultraporous surface (Ti-Por, Adler Ortho). Courtesy of Adler Ortho.

Figure 2 The highly porous surface structure has a large number of deep, interconnected pores (Ti-Por, Adler Ortho). Courtesy of Adler Ortho.

Figure 3 A Ti-Por cup was implanted in a 59-year-old woman with primary osteoarthritis The socket has an hemispheric design with a rough surface with multiple spikes. A: Primary osteoarthritis; B: The socket has a hemispherical design.

Figure 4 A bilateral total hip arthroplasty, with a Ti-Por cup on the right and a hydroxyapatite-coated socket on the left. The different surface roughness is evident. Both the cups had good radiographic osseointegration at 3 years.