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World J Clin Oncol. Sep 24, 2026; 17(9): 122901
Published online Sep 24, 2026. doi: 10.5306/wjco.122901
Published online Sep 24, 2026. doi: 10.5306/wjco.122901
Cardiovascular-oncogenic gene crosstalk in breast cancer: Survival, prognosis and therapeutic strategies
Smriti Jain, Nikita Kashyap, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattīsgarh, India
Shikha Bhardwaj, Buddhi Prakash Jain, Gene Expression and Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari 845401, Bihar, India
Anamika Prasad, School of Embryology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Gurugram University, Gurugram 122001, Haryāna, India
Shadi Khadijeh Gholami, Division of Chiropractic, School of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
Co-first authors: Smriti Jain and Shikha Bhardwaj.
Co-corresponding authors: Nikita Kashyap and Buddhi Prakash Jain.
Author contributions: Jain S and Bhardwaj S contributed to writing - original draft, and they contributed equally to this manuscript as co-first authors; Kashyap N and Jain BP contributed to conceptualization and final editing, and they contributed equally to this manuscript as co-corresponding authors; Prasad A and Gholami SK contributed to writing - review and editing; Jain S, Bhardwaj S, and Jain BP contributed to revision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
AI contribution statement: Grammarly was used for language editing and grammatical corrections.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Corresponding author: Buddhi Prakash Jain, PhD, Assistant Professor, Principal Investigator, Gene Expression and Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Mgcub, Motihari 845401, Bihar, India. buddhiprakash@mgcub.ac.in
Received: May 15, 2026
Revised: July 26, 2026
Accepted: August 20, 2026
Published online: September 24, 2026
Processing time: 145 Days and 22.1 Hours
Revised: July 26, 2026
Accepted: August 20, 2026
Published online: September 24, 2026
Processing time: 145 Days and 22.1 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: The review based on cardio-oncology highlights the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and breast cancer associated gene network analysis, with significance of CVDs associated genes in breast cancer prognosis and therapeutics. Inflammatory cytokines and cellular signaling pathways interconnects both the diseases and increased cardiovascular risk in breast cancer patients. The review will be helpful to understand interconnection between these diseases and prediction of breast cancer survival based on differential expression of CVDs genes in future.