Editorial
Copyright ©2010 Baishideng.
World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. Jun 15, 2010; 1(2): 23-29
Published online Jun 15, 2010. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v1.i2.23
Table 1 DNA methylation profiles of cholangiocarcinoma varying with specific risk factors
Methylated gene (proportion rate)
Definite risk factors
Primary sclerosing cholangitisp16 (25%)[22]
Liver fluke infection (opisthorchis viverrini, or less frequently, clonorchis sinensis)RUNX3 (49.1%)[70]; p14 (40.2%), p15 (48.9%), p16 (28.3%)[21]; hMLH1 (44.6%)[71]
Hepatolithiasisp16 (100%[72], 54.6%[73]); TFF1 (37.5%)[74]
Biliary malformation (congenital choledochal cysts, caroli’s disease, etc)NA
ThorotrasthMLH1 (45.8%), hMSH2 (25.0%)[23]
Probable risk factors
Hepatitis C or hepatitis BNA
CirrhosisNA
Toxins (dioxin, polyvinyl chloride, nitrosamines, etc)NA
Biliary-enteric anastomosis or cholangiojejunostomyNA