Functional assessment of transplanted kidneys with magnetic resonance imaging

Table 1 Main findings of recent studies exploring the use of magnetic resonance angiography

Ref.	Year	No. of Pt	Contrast	Criteria for artery stenosis	MRA findings	Reference and accuracy
Huber et al[28]	2001	41	Uncleara	> 0% as clinically significant	23 significant artery stenosis, 2 vein complications, 4 perfusion defects of the parenchyma	DSA; Se: 100%; Sp: 93%-97%
Gufler et al[33]	2008	63	Gd-DTPA	< 50%: mild;	Artery stenosis: 29 mild, 3 moderate, and 1 severe	DSA for severe stenosis, one overestimati-on
				50%-70%:moderate;
				> 70%:severe
Lanzman et al[34]	2009	20	None (SSFP)	≥ 50% as clinically significant	6 significant artery stenosis	DSA; Se: 100%; Sp: 88%
Liu et al[30]	2009	13	None (SSFP)	≥ 50% as clinically significant	1 significant artery stenosis	Stenosis confirmed by DSA
Ismaeel et al[31]	2011	30	Uncleara	≥ 50% as clinically significant	15 significant artery stenosis	DSA; Se: 93.7%; Sp: 80%
Bashir et al[32]	2013	16	Ferumoxytol	Unclear	2 moderate to severe stenosis, 1 occlusion	Stenosis and occlusion confirmed by DSA
Hwang et al[1]	2013	144	Gadobutrol	< 50%: mild;	Artery stenosis: 10 mild, 5 moderate, and 8 severe; 17 renal	Severe stenosis confirmed by DSA
				50%-70%: moderate;	parenchymal infarctions
				> 70%: severe
Tang et al[29]	2014	75	None (SLEEK)	≥ 50% as clinically significant	14 artery stenosis (10 significant), other complications such as arteriovenous fistulas and pseudoaneurysms	Significant stenosis: DSA; positive predictive value: 91%

^aWith contrast, but unclear about the specific name. Pt: Patients; SSFP: Steady-state free precession; SLEEK: Spatial labeling with multiple inversion pulses; DSA: Digital subtraction angiography; Se: Sensitivity; Sp: Specificity; MRA: Magnetic resonance angiography.