Clinical value and applicability of radiomics in differential diagnosis of dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Table 1 Comparison of clinical information and imaging features in patients with dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma and those with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Variable	Training set		Testing set		P value
	t/z or χ2	P value	t/z or χ2	P value
Sex	0.724	0.395	0.047	0.828	0.592
Age	-2.628	0.010	-0.197	0.845	0.676
TBIL	0.458	0.647	0.066	0.947	0.500
ALT	0.409	0.683	-0.104	0.917	0.322
AST	-2.637	0.008	-0.717	0.474	0.254
ALB	-1.013	0.313	-0.913	0.366	0.763
AFP	26.78	0.000	16.544	0.000	0.758
PLT	-0.677	0.499	-0.405	0.685	0.083
HBV	12.510	0.000	2.422	0.120	0.480
Cirrhosis	19.279	0.000	3.878	0.049	0.270
MTD	0.652	0.515	0.038	0.970	0.750
Margin	7.978	0.005	0.007	0.931	0.190
Shape	0.862	0.353	4.561	0.033	0.128
Dense	0.547	0.459	0.476	0.490	0.089
Cholangiectasis	5.872	0.015	0.158	0.691	0.592
Artery within tumor	0.250	0.617	0.011	0.918	0.376
Nonrim APHE	8.801	0.003	2.422	0.119	0.311
Nonperipheral washout	21.524	0.000	2.354	0.125	0.705
Halo sign	1.787	0.181	2.191	0.139	0.612
Capsule	2.433	0.296	1.886	0.389	0.879
Cystoid variation and necrosis	0.358	0.549	3.362	0.067	0.793
Peritumoral enhancement	8.947	0.003	9.477	0.002	0.730

TBIL: Total bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALB: Albumin; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; PLT: Platelet; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; MTD: Maximum tumor diameter; APHE: Arterial phase hyperenhancement.

Table 2 Clinical data and imaging characteristics of dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Variable	b value	OR value	95%CI	P value
Sex	-0.018	0.917	0.954-1.003	0.587
Age	0.008	1.008	0.977-1.041	0.601
TBIL	-0.002	0.998	0.992-1.000	1.351
ALT	1.358	3.889	0.629-24.049	0.144
AST	0.936	2.55	1.949-3.335	2.934
ALB	-0.671	0.511	0.108-2.413	0.397
AFP	1.076	2.933	1.225-7.021	0.016
PLT	0.388	1.474	0.423-5.142	0.542
HBV	-0.988	0.372	0.089-1.561	0.177
Cirrhosis	0.103	1.109	1.062-1.157	0.000
MTD	0.001	1.001	0.977-1.024	0.06
Margin	-0.988	0.372	0.089-1.561	0.177
Shape	0.996	2.707	0.830-8.828	2.707
Dense	-1.406	0.245	0.042-1.428	0.245
Cholangiectasis	0.985	2.678	0.997-7.191	0.051
Artery within tumor	1.421	4.137	0.924-18.503	0.064
Nonrim APHE	0.081	1.084	0.314-3.741	0.898
Nonperipheral washout	0.598	1.765	0.785-3.965	0.068
Halo sign	-0.172	0.73	0.39-1.49	0.267
Capsule	0.228	1.07	0.29-1.84	0.098
Cystoid variation and necrosis	0.073	1.076	0.238-4.864	0.924
Peritumoral enhancement	0.097	1.102	1.033-1.176	0.003

TBIL: Total bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALB: Albumin; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; PLT: Platelet; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; MTD: Maximum tumor diameter; APHE: Arterial phase hyperenhancement.

Table 3 Classification performance of different models

	Variables	Clinical-sign model	Radiomic model	Combined model
Training set	AUC	0.916	0.967	0.954
	95%CI	0.850-0.960	0.916-0.991	0.898-0.984
	Sensitivity	0.831	0.949	0.864
	95%CI	0.735-0.926	0.893-1.000	0.777-0.952
	Specificity	0.842	0.842	0.912
	95%CI	0.747-0.937	0.747-0.937	0.839-0.986
	Accuracy	0.836	0.897	0.888
	95%CI	0.834-0.839	0.895-0.898	0.886-0.890
Testing set	AUC	0.811	0.845	0.892
	95%CI	0.677-0.907	0.716-0.931	0.774-0.962
	Sensitivity	0.731	0.808	0.846
	95%CI	0.560-0.901	0.656-0.959	0.707-0.985
	Specificity	0.720	0.840	0.840
	95%CI	0.544-0.896	0.696-0.984	0.696-0.984
	Accuracy	0.726	0.824	0.843
	95%CI	0.718-0.733	0.818-0.829	0.838-0.846