Factors affecting disease control after pituitary tumor resection in acromegaly: What is the current evidence?

Table 1 The various clinical, radiological, histopathological, and genetic markers associated with biochemical remission in patients with somatotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors

	Good biochemical remission	Poor biochemical remission
Age	Older age	Younger age
Gender	Female	Male
Preoperative GH levels	Low	High
Preoperative IGF-1 levels	Low	High
Short acute octreotide test	2-hour GH < 2.7 ng/mL	2-hour GH > 2.7 ng/mL
Tumor size	< 20 mm	≥ 20 mm
Cavernous sinus invasion	Less invasion	More invasion
T2-weighted signal intensity	Hypointensity	Iso or hyperintensity
Contrast enhancement	Less marked	More marked
SSTR2 vs SSTR5	Raised SSTR2:SSTR5 ratio	Raised SSTR5:SSTR2 ratio
Granulations	Densely granulated	Sparsely granulated
E-cadherin expression	High	Low
Ki-67 index	< 3%	≥ 3%
First-generation SRL response	Complete response	Incomplete response
AIP mutations	No	Yes
GPR101 mutation	No	Yes

GH: Growth hormone; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; SSTR: Somatostatin receptor; SRL: Somatostatin receptor ligand.