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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Radiol. Aug 28, 2020; 12(8): 172-183
Published online Aug 28, 2020. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v12.i8.172
Table 1 Summary of the ultrasonography modalities which are applied for evaluation of prostatic artery embolization
ModalityParameter/feature evaluatedApproachTechnique/methodologyExpected finding after successful PAE
Gray-scale USPVt.a., t.r.Measurement at 3 planes, ellipsoid formulaPV reduction
IPPt.a., t.r.Unidimensional measurementIPP reduction
PVRt.a.Measurement at 3 planes, ellipsoid formulaPVR reduction
CEUSProstatic enhancement and infarctiont.a., t.r.Bolus i.v. injection of 2nd generation US contrast agent. Measurement at 3 planes, ellipsoid formulaProstatic infarcts preferably exceeding 10% of PV
US-elastographyTissue stiffness (YM, EM, SWV)t.r.Shear-wave elastographyYM, EM, SWV reduction
Tissue stiffness Elasticity (E) indext.r.Strain elastographyE-index reduction
Intraprocedural gray-scale USProstate echogenicityt.a.Visual assessmentMultiple strong echoes at the embolized area
Intraprocedural CEUS-i.a.Distribution of contrast enhancement within and/or around prostatet.a.i.a. administration of diluted US contrast agent. Scanning as for CEUS post-PAERapid, intense enhancement of the targeted prostatic lobe. Absence of extraprostatic enhancement
Intraprocedural CEUS-i.v.As for CEUS post-PAEt.a.As for CEUS post-PAEAs for CEUS post-PAE