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World J Radiol. Aug 28, 2020; 12(8): 172-183
Published online Aug 28, 2020. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v12.i8.172
Sonographic evaluation of prostatic artery embolization: Far beyond size measurements
Hippocrates Moschouris, Andreas Dimakis, Anastasia Anagnostopoulou, Konstantinos Stamatiou, Katerina Malagari
Hippocrates Moschouris, Andreas Dimakis, Anastasia Anagnostopoulou, Radiology Department, General Hospital “Tzanio”, Piraeus 18536, Greece
Konstantinos Stamatiou, Urology Department, General Hospital “Tzanio”, Piraeus 18536, Greece
Katerina Malagari, Second Department of Radiology, University of Athens, “Attikon” Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
Author contributions: Moschouris H wrote the paper; Moschouris H, Dimakis A and Anagnostopoulou A performed the imaging studies and collected the data; Moschouris H, Dimakis A and Malagari K performed the PAE procedures; Stamatiou K and Malagari K supervised and coordinated the work.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflict of interest associated with any of the authors of this manuscript.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Hippocrates Moschouris, MD, MSc, PhD, Doctor, Interventional Radiologist, Radiology Department, General Hospital “Tzanio”, Zanni and Afentouli 1 Str., Piraeus 18536, Greece. hipmosch@gmail.com
Received: March 22, 2020
Peer-review started: March 22, 2020
First decision: April 29, 2020
Revised: May 2, 2020
Accepted: July 1, 2020
Article in press: July 1, 2020
Published online: August 28, 2020
Core Tip

Core tip: Ultrasonography is a practical and affordable modality for imaging evaluation of the efficacy of prostatic artery embolization (PAE). This evaluation includes, but is not limited to, standard measurements of prostatic volume, intravesical prostatic protrusion and post-void residual volume. With contrast-enhanced ultrasound, prostatic infarcts can be easily detected shortly after PAE, and their extent appears to have clinical and prognostic value. Strain- and shear-wave elastography can depict the changes in prostatic consistency caused by PAE. A comprehensive description of all these applications is attempted in the following review.