Brief Article
Copyright ©2012 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.
World J Radiol. Dec 28, 2012; 4(12): 455-461
Published online Dec 28, 2012. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v4.i12.455
Safety of bronchial arterial embolization with n-butyl cyanoacrylate in a swine model
Takami Tanaka, Nobuyuki Kawai, Morio Sato, Akira Ikoma, Kouhei Nakata, Hiroki Sanda, Hiroki Minamiguchi, Motoki Nakai, Tetsuo Sonomura, Ichiro Mori
Takami Tanaka, Nobuyuki Kawai, Morio Sato, Akira Ikoma, Kouhei Nakata, Hiroki Sanda, Hiroki Minamiguchi, Motoki Nakai, Tetsuo Sonomura, Department of Radiology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayamashi, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
Ichiro Mori, Department of 2nd Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayamashi, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
Author contributions: Tanaka T, Kawai N and Sato M designed the study; Tanaka T, Ikoma A and Nakata K performed the experiments; Sanda H, Minamiguchi H, Nakai M and Mori I conducted the histological research; Sonomura T and Tanaka T analyzed the data; Tanaka T and Sato M wrote the paper.
Correspondence to: Morio Sato MD, Professor, Department of Radiology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayamashi, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan. morisato@mail.wakayama-med.ac.jp
Telephone: +81-73-4443110 Fax: +81-73-4410604
Received: July 11, 2012
Revised: August 23, 2012
Accepted: August 30, 2012
Published online: December 28, 2012
Abstract

AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) with n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) and gelatin sponge particles (GSPs).

METHODS: Six healthy female swine were divided into two groups to be treated with BAE using NBCA-lipiodol (NBCA-Lp) and using GSPs. The occlusive durability, the presence of embolic materials, the response of the vessel wall, and damage to the bronchial wall and pulmonary parenchyma were compared.

RESULTS: No animals experienced any major complication. Two days later, no recanalization of the bronchial artery was observed in the NBCA-Lp group, while partial recanalization was seen in the GSP group. Embolic materials were not found in the pulmonary artery or pulmonary vein. NBCA-Lp was present as a bubble-like space in bronchial branch arteries of 127-1240 μm, and GSPs as reticular amorphous substance of 107-853 μm. These arteries were in the adventitia outside the bronchial cartilage but not in the fine vessels inside the bronchial cartilage. No damage to the bronchial wall and pulmonary parenchyma was found in either group. Red cell thrombus, stripping of endothelial cells, and infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed in vessels embolized with NBCA-Lp or GSP.

CONCLUSION: NBCA embolization is more potent than GSP with regard to bronchial artery occlusion, and both materials were present in bronchial branch arteries ≥ 100 μm diameter.

Keywords: Bronchial artery embolization; Embolic materials; N-butyl cyanoacrylate; Gelatin sponge; Lipiodol