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World J Radiol. Oct 28, 2010; 2(10): 384-398
Published online Oct 28, 2010. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v2.i10.384
Published online Oct 28, 2010. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v2.i10.384
Arterial spin labeling in neuroimaging
Sasitorn Petcharunpaisan, Division of Neuroradiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Room 3326, Old Infirmary Building, Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, United States
Sasitorn Petcharunpaisan, Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
Joana Ramalho, Division of Neuroradiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Room 3326, Old Infirmary Building, Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, United States
Joana Ramalho, Department of Neuroradiology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua José António Serrano, 1150-199, Lisbon, Portugal
Mauricio Castillo, Division of Neuroradiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Room 3326, Old Infirmary Building, Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, United States
Author contributions: All three authors actively and equally contributed to the writing and editing of the article as well as gathering the necessary illustrations.
Correspondence to: Joana Ramalho, MD, Division of Neuroradiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Room 3326, Old Infirmary Building, Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, United States. joana-ramalho@netcabo.pt
Telephone: +1-919-9663087 Fax: +1-919-9661994
Received: July 6, 2010
Revised: August 27, 2010
Accepted: September 3, 2010
Published online: October 28, 2010
Revised: August 27, 2010
Accepted: September 3, 2010
Published online: October 28, 2010
Abstract
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique for measuring tissue perfusion using a freely diffusible intrinsic tracer. As compared with other perfusion techniques, ASL offers several advantages and is now available for routine clinical practice in many institutions. Its noninvasive nature and ability to quantitatively measure tissue perfusion make ASL ideal for research and clinical studies. Recent technical advances have increased its sensitivity and also extended its potential applications. This review focuses on some basic knowledge of ASL perfusion, emerging techniques and clinical applications in neuroimaging.
Keywords: Arterial spin labeling, Continuous arterial spin labeling, Pulsed arterial spin labeling, Pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling, Velocity-selective arterial spin labeling, Territorial arterial spin labeling, Arterial spin labeling at multiple inversion times, Perfusion-based functional magnetic resonance imaging