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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Cardiol. May 26, 2025; 17(5): 103168
Published online May 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i5.103168
Published online May 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i5.103168
Table 1 Baseline of the two groups
Group | Number of cases | Gender breakdown | Age range | Weight range (kg) | American Society of Anesthesiologists classification | Cardiac function classification |
Group A | 76 | 37 males, 39 females | 18-60 | 34-72 | 2-3 | 2 |
Group B | 74 | 36 males, 38 females | 18-60 | 39-70 | 2-3 | 2 |
Table 2 Clinical symptom indicators for the two groups
Group | Number of cases | Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia drug usage per unit time (mL/hour) | Extubation time (hour) | Intensive care unit stay duration (hour) |
Group A | 76 | 4.26 ± 0.67 | 3.81 ± 0.32 | 28.63 ± 4.31 |
Group B | 74 | 2.21 ± 0.24 | 2.32 ± 0.43 | 15.32 ± 2.63 |
Table 3 Comparison of Visual Analogue Scale scores
Group | 0.5 h | 2 h | 4 h | 8 h | 16 h |
Group A | 7.82 ± 1.20 | 5.63 ± 1.18 | 5.43 ± 1.20 | 4.39 ± 0.85 | 3.96 ± 0.56 |
Group B | 5.15 ± 1.12 | 4.23 ± 1.02 | 3.21 ± 1.05 | 2.42 ± 0.65 | 1.12 ± 0.52 |
t value | 9.344 | 5.156 | 7.998 | 10.576 | 21.349 |
P value | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Table 4 Distribution of postoperative complications in the two patient groups
Group | Respiratory depression | Atelectasis | Pneumonia | Somnolence | Nausea and vomiting |
Group A | 34 (37.9) | 36 (41.4) | 4 (4.6) | 9 (10.3) | 12 (13.8) |
Group B | 0 (0) | 3 (4.8) | 3 (4.8) | 10 (16.1) | 20 (32.3) |
Table 5 Comparison of postoperative cognitive dysfunction incidence and mini-mental state examination scores between the two groups (n = 50)
Group | Preoperative | Postoperative day 3 | Postoperative day 5 | Postoperative day 7 | MMSE score preoperative | MMSE score day 3 | MMSE score day 5 | MMSE score day 7 |
Group A | 0% | 28% | 23% | 18% | 28.35 ± 3.05 | 18.09 ± 1.56 | 20.14 ± 1.87 | 22.14 ± 2.46 |
Group B | 0% | 16% | 12% | 8% | 28.07 ± 2.98 | 22.99 ± 2.32 | 23.08 ± 2.11 | 24.65 ± 3.06 |
P value | 1.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.63 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Table 6 Comparison of Barthel Index scores between the two groups
Group | Preoperative | Postoperative day 3 | Postoperative day 5 | Postoperative day 7 |
Group A | 96.79 ± 5.84 | 48.81 ± 3.35 | 53.13 ± 3.82 | 65.28 ± 5.97 |
Group B | 97.04 ± 6.33 | 54.29 ± 4.06 | 67.74 ± 5.14 | 74.23 ± 6.38 |
P value | 0.83 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
- Citation: Wang Q, Yan XQ, Ma XM, Yan R, Wang ZH, Ma YJ, Wang HB. Multimodal analgesia in cardiac surgery: Impact on postoperative medication consumption and cognitive function. World J Cardiol 2025; 17(5): 103168
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v17/i5/103168.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i5.103168