Randomized Controlled Trial
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Cardiol. May 26, 2025; 17(5): 103168
Published online May 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i5.103168
Table 1 Baseline of the two groups
Group
Number of cases
Gender breakdown
Age range
Weight range (kg)
American Society of Anesthesiologists classification
Cardiac function classification
Group A7637 males, 39 females18-6034-722-32
Group B7436 males, 38 females18-6039-702-32
Table 2 Clinical symptom indicators for the two groups
Group
Number of cases
Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia drug usage per unit time (mL/hour)
Extubation time (hour)
Intensive care unit stay duration (hour)
Group A764.26 ± 0.673.81 ± 0.3228.63 ± 4.31
Group B742.21 ± 0.242.32 ± 0.4315.32 ± 2.63
Table 3 Comparison of Visual Analogue Scale scores
Group
0.5 h
2 h
4 h
8 h
16 h
Group A7.82 ± 1.205.63 ± 1.185.43 ± 1.204.39 ± 0.853.96 ± 0.56
Group B5.15 ± 1.124.23 ± 1.023.21 ± 1.052.42 ± 0.651.12 ± 0.52
t value9.3445.1567.99810.57621.349
P value0.0010.0010.0010.0010.001
Table 4 Distribution of postoperative complications in the two patient groups
Group
Respiratory depression
Atelectasis
Pneumonia
Somnolence
Nausea and vomiting
Group A34 (37.9)36 (41.4)4 (4.6)9 (10.3)12 (13.8)
Group B0 (0)3 (4.8)3 (4.8)10 (16.1)20 (32.3)
Table 5 Comparison of postoperative cognitive dysfunction incidence and mini-mental state examination scores between the two groups (n = 50)
Group
Preoperative
Postoperative day 3
Postoperative day 5
Postoperative day 7
MMSE score preoperative
MMSE score day 3
MMSE score day 5
MMSE score day 7
Group A0%28%23%18%28.35 ± 3.0518.09 ± 1.5620.14 ± 1.8722.14 ± 2.46
Group B0%16%12%8%28.07 ± 2.9822.99 ± 2.3223.08 ± 2.1124.65 ± 3.06
P value1.000.020.010.020.630.030.010.01
Table 6 Comparison of Barthel Index scores between the two groups
Group
Preoperative
Postoperative day 3
Postoperative day 5
Postoperative day 7
Group A96.79 ± 5.8448.81 ± 3.3553.13 ± 3.8265.28 ± 5.97
Group B97.04 ± 6.3354.29 ± 4.0667.74 ± 5.1474.23 ± 6.38
P value0.830.010.010.01