Copyright
©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Cardiol. Oct 26, 2020; 12(10): 475-483
Published online Oct 26, 2020. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i10.475
Published online Oct 26, 2020. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i10.475
Name of the study | Type of the study | Results | Comments |
Chronic intermittent electronic cigarette exposure induces cardiac dysfunction and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein-E knockout mice | Animal model randomized control study with intervention | ECs with 2.4% nicotine had decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and had increased atherosclerotic lesions compared to ECs without nicotine and saline groups. Mice exposed to 2.4% nicotine vapor had increased atherosclerotic lesions on aorta as well | Mice model with limited implication to humans |
Association between electronic cigarette use and myocardial infarction | Cross-sectional; study was based on self-reporting surveys | Increased odds ratio (1.79) of having MI with ECs and even higher odds ratio (4.62) with dual use of ECs and combustible cigarettes relative to never smokers | Number of surveys in 2014 was 36697 and 33028 in 2016 |
Acute effects of using an electronic nicotine-delivery device (electronic cigarette) on myocardial function: Comparison with the effects of regular cigarettes | Interventional, case-control | Electronic cigarettes caused delayed myocardial relaxation, no effect on systolic function | Small study with total of 76 subjects; the study does not predict long term effects |
Association between electronic cigarette use and myocardial infarction | Cross-sectional through surveys | Daily EC use increased the odds of having MI (OR = 1.79) while daily TC smoking had a higher correlation of MI (OR = 2.72) | Large surveys: 36697 in 2014 and 33028 in 2016 |
Name of the study | Type of the study | Results | Comments |
Modeling cardiovascular risks of ECs with human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells | Randomized interventional on human endothelial cells; cells were exposed to EC flavoring products with and without nicotine | Flavoring e-liquids caused endothelial dysfunction even without nicotine; nicotine had a dose-dependent effect on cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species generation, and apoptotic activities | In vitro study with limited implications |
Flavorings in tobacco products induce endothelial cell dysfunction | Intervention study on human endothelial cells obtained from smokers and nonsmokers | The flavorings vanillin, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, acetylpyridine, and menthol impaired nitric oxide production and increased expression of proinflammatory mediators and interleukin-6 | Small study; the endothelial cells obtained by biopsy from 3 groups of 6 to 9 subjects |
Vascular effects of a single bout of electronic cigarette use | Interventional nonrandomized study on healthy volunteers | There were no significant changes in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, endothelial function (via flow-mediated dilation), and arterial stiffness (via cardio-ankle vascular index) throughout the experiments | Small study on 16 volunteers; the study was limited to acute changes post smoking one bout of ECs; flow mediated dilation and cardio-ankle vascular index may not be sensitive enough |
- Citation: Vajdi B, Tuktamyshov R. Electronic cigarettes — myocardial infarction, hemodynamic compromise during pregnancy, and systolic and diastolic dysfunction: Minireview. World J Cardiol 2020; 12(10): 475-483
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v12/i10/475.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v12.i10.475