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©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Cardiol. Feb 26, 2014; 6(2): 38-66
Published online Feb 26, 2014. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i2.38
Published online Feb 26, 2014. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i2.38
Intervention category | Therapeutic intervention | Daily intake |
Diet characteristics | DASH I, DASH II-Na+ or premier diet | Diet type |
Sodium restriction | 1500 mg | |
Potassium | 5000 mg | |
Potassium/sodium ratio | > 3:1 | |
Magnesium | 1000 mg | |
Zinc | 50 mg | |
Macronutrients | Protein total intake from non-animal sources, organic lean or wild animal protein, or coldwater fish | 30% of total calories, which 1.5-1.8 g/kg body weight |
Whey protein | 30 g | |
Soy protein (fermented sources are preferred) | 30 g | |
Sardine muscle concentrate extract | 3 g | |
Milk peptides | 30-60 mg | |
Fat | 30% of total calories | |
Omega-3 fatty acids | 2-3 g | |
Omega-6 fatty acids | 1 g | |
Omega-9 fatty acids | 2-4 tablespoons of olive or nut oil or 10-20 olives | |
Saturated fatty acids from wild game, bison, or other lean meat | < 10% total calories | |
Polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio | < 2.0 | |
Omega 3 to omega 6 ratio | 1.1-1.2 | |
Synthetic trans fatty acids | None (completely remove from diet) | |
Nuts in variety | Ad libidum | |
Carbohydrates as primarily complex carbohydrates and fiber | 40% of total calories | |
Oatmeal or | 60 g | |
Oatbran or | 40 g | |
Beta-glucan or | 3 g | |
Psyllium | 7 g | |
Specific foods | Garlic as fresh cloves or aged kyolic garlic | 4 fresh cloves (4 g) or 600 mg aged garlic taken twice daily |
Sea vegetables, specifically dried wakame | 3.0-3.5 g | |
Lycopene as tomato products, guava, watermelon, apricots, pink grapefruit, papaya or supplements | 10-20 mg | |
Dark chocolate | 100 g | |
Pomegranate juice or seeds | 8 ounces or one cup | |
Sesame | 60 mg sesamin or 2.5 g sesame meal | |
Exercise | Aerobic | 20 min daily at 4200 kJ/wk |
Resistance | 40 min/d | |
Weight reduction | Body mass index < 25 | Lose 1-2 pounds per week and |
Waist circumference: | increasing the proportion of lean muscle | |
< 35 inches for women | ||
< 40 inches for men | ||
Total body fat: | ||
< 22% for women | ||
< 16% for men | ||
Other lifestyle recommendations | Alcohol restriction: Among the choice of alcohol red wine is preferred due to its vasoactive phytonutrients | < 20 g/d |
Wine < 10 ounces | ||
Beer < 24 ounces | ||
Liquor < 2 ounces | ||
Caffeine restriction or elimination depending on CYP 450 type | < 100 mg/d | |
Tobacco and smoking | Stop | |
Medical considerations | Medications which may increase blood pressure. | Minimize use when possible, such as by using disease-specific nutritional interventions |
Supplemental foods and nutrients | Alpha lipoic acid with biotin | 100-200 mg twice daily |
Amino acids: | ||
Arginine | 5 g twice daily | |
Carnitine | 1 to 2 g twice daily | |
Taurine | 1 to 3 g twice daily | |
Chlorogenic acids | 150-200 mg | |
Coenzyme Q10 | 100mg once to twice daily | |
Grape seed extract | 300 mg | |
Hawthorne extract | 500 mg twice a day | |
Melatonin | 2.5 mg | |
N-acetyl cysteine | 500 mg twice a day | |
Olive leaf extract (oleuropein) | 500 mg twice a day | |
Pycnogenol | 200 mg | |
Quercetin | 500 mg twice a day | |
Resveratrol (trans) | 250 mg | |
Vitamin B6 | 100 mg once to twice daily | |
Vitamin C | 250-500 mg twice daily | |
Vitamin D3 | Dose to raise 25-hydroxyvitamin | |
D serum level to 60 ng/mL | ||
Vitamin E as mixed tocopherols | 400 IU |
- Citation: Houston M. The role of nutrition and nutraceutical supplements in the treatment of hypertension. World J Cardiol 2014; 6(2): 38-66
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v6/i2/38.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v6.i2.38