The role of nutrition and nutraceutical supplements in the treatment of hypertension

Table 3 Natural antihypertensive compounds categorized by antihypertensive class

Antihypertensive therapeutic class (alphabetical listing)	Foods and ingredients listed by therapeutic class	Nutrients and other supplements listed by therapeutic class
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors	Egg yolk Fish (specific): bonito, dried salted fish, fish sauce sardine muscle/protein tuna garlic gelatin hawthorne berry Milk products (specific): casein sour milk whey (hydrolyzed) sake sea vegetables (kelp) sea weed (wakame) wheat germ (hydrolyzed) zein (corn protein)	Melatonin omega-3 fatty acids pomegranate pycnogenol zinc
Angiotensin receptor blockers	Celery fiber garlic MUFA	Coenzyme Q10 gamma linolenic acid N-acetyl cysteine oleic acid resveratrol potassium taurine vitamin C vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Beta blockers	Hawthorne berry
Calcium channel blockers	Celery garlic hawthorn berry MUFA	Alpha lipoic acid calcium magnesium N-acetyl cysteine oleic acid omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid docosahexaenoic acid taurine vitamin B6 vitamin C vitamin E
Central alpha agonists (reduce sympathetic nervous system activity)	Celery fiber garlic protein	Coenzyme Q 10 gamma linolenic acid potassium restriction of sodium taurine vitamin C vitamin B6 zinc
Direct renin inhibitors		Vitamin D
Direct vasodilators	Celery cooking oils with monounsaturated fats fiber garlic MUFA soy	Alpha linolenic acid arginine calcium flavonoids magnesium Omega-3 fatty acids potassium taurine vitamin C vitamin E
Diuretics	Celery hawthorn berry protein	Calcium coenzyme Q 10 fiber gamma linolenic acid l-carnitine magnesium potassium taurine vitamin B6 vitamin C Vitamin E: high gamma/delta tocopherols and tocotrienols.

MUFA: Monounsaturated fatty acids.