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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Cardiol. Jun 26, 2025; 17(6): 107386
Published online Jun 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i6.107386
Impact of gut microbiome on atrial fibrillation: Mechanistic insights and future directions in individualized medicine
Ajit Singh Brar, Shree Laya Vemula, Vishnu Yanamaladoddi, Sohail Sodhi, Juniali Hatwal, Aalam Sohal, Akash Batta
Ajit Singh Brar, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan State University at Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI 48503, United States
Shree Laya Vemula, Department of Internal Medicine, South Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, NY 11235, United States
Vishnu Yanamaladoddi, Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85012, United States
Sohail Sodhi, Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Health/ RWJBH Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, NJ 07202, United States
Juniali Hatwal, Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
Aalam Sohal, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85012, United States
Akash Batta, Department of Cardiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana 141001, Punjab, India
Author contributions: Brar AS, Vemula SL, Yanamaladoddi V, Sodhi S, and Hatwal J conducted the literature review, interpreted data, created artwork, and drafted the original manuscript; Brar AS and Sohal A conceptualized and designed the study; Sohal A and Batta A supervised the study and made critical revisions; all of the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest in publishing the manuscript.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Akash Batta, Associate Professor, Department of Cardiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Tagore Nagar, Civil Lines, Ludhiana 141001, Punjab, India. akashbatta02@gmail.com
Received: March 24, 2025
Revised: April 11, 2025
Accepted: May 13, 2025
Published online: June 26, 2025
Processing time: 90 Days and 9.4 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Gut microbiome alteration contributes to the generation of harmful metabolites, loss of gut integrity, and cardiac remodeling. Gut dysbiosis interacts with modifiable risk factors to promote cardiac tissue remodeling. Animal models and clinical studies indicate that microbial composition is associated with arrhythmogenesis, atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence, and modulates medication response. Integrating microbiome surveillance and gut microbiome modulation therapy into AF management may slow disease progression and reduce the arrhythmia burden. However, clinical trials are needed to establish causality and support the incorporation of gut modulation into clinical care.