Meta-Analysis
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Cardiol. Jun 26, 2025; 17(6): 105452
Published online Jun 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i6.105452
Long-term prognostic role of adiponectin in stable coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis of prospective studies
Sahas Reddy Jitta, Priyanka Vatsavayi, Chenna Reddy Tera, Shobana Krishnamurthy, Saisree Reddy Adla Jala, Diksha Sanjana Pasnoor, Utheja Dasari, Aisha Farooq, Supriya Maramreddy, Kavya Jammula, Medha Reddy Kesani, Sridevi Tripuraneni, Nihar Jena, Rupak Desai
Sahas Reddy Jitta, Department of Internal Medicine, Mercy Hospital, St Louis, MO 63141, United States
Priyanka Vatsavayi, Chenna Reddy Tera, Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
Shobana Krishnamurthy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tower Health, Reading, PA 19611, United States
Saisree Reddy Adla Jala, Hospital Medicine, Mission Health, Asheville, NC 28801, United States
Diksha Sanjana Pasnoor, Department of Medicine, Kamineni Acad of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Hyderabad 508254, India
Utheja Dasari, Department of Internal Medicine, Trinity Health, Okland, MI 48341, United States
Aisha Farooq, Department of Medicine, Dr.Ruth K. M. Pfau, Civil Hospital, Karachi 74400, Sindh, Pakistan
Supriya Maramreddy, Medha Reddy Kesani, Department of Medicine, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally 508254, Telangāna, India
Kavya Jammula, Department of Medicine, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad 500012, Telangāna, India
Sridevi Tripuraneni, Department of Internal Medicine, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 508254, Telangāna, India
Nihar Jena, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, United States
Rupak Desai, Department of Outcomes Research, Independent Researcher, Atlanta, GA 30033, United States
Author contributions: Jitta SR, Vatsavayi P, Tera CR, Krishnamurthy S, Adla Jala SR, Pasnoor DS, Dasari U, Farooq A, Maramreddy S, Jammula K, Kesani MR, and Tripuraneni S were responsible for writing original draft, writing review, editing, data curation, and visualization; Jena N, Desai R were responsible for conceptualization, methodology, software, formal analysis, resources, data curation, writing original draft, writing review, editing, project administration, and supervision; all of the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors do not have a conflict of interest.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Rupak Desai, MBBS, Department of Outcomes Research, Independent Researcher, Decatur, Atlanta, GA 30033, United States. drrupakdesai@gmail.com
Received: January 23, 2025
Revised: April 11, 2025
Accepted: May 13, 2025
Published online: June 26, 2025
Processing time: 148 Days and 18.5 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

The persistent burden of cardiovascular (CV) disease in the United States requires innovative and cost-effective prognostic markers that can be relied upon.

AIM

To provide insights into how adiponectin can predict all-cause mortality and major adverse CV events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and to determine the prognostic value of adiponectin in predicting all-cause mortality and MACE in patients with stable CAD.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic search on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to find relevant studies published through June 2023 evaluating the long-term prognostic role of adiponectin in patients with stable CAD. Using a random effects model with 95%CI, we estimated the odds ratio (OR) while assessing heterogeneity through I² statistics. To ensure robustness, we performed a sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out approach.

RESULTS

After screening, we included five prospective studies involving 3225 patients who were followed up for a median duration of 3.8 years. Within the study population, prevalent risk factors included hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking. The commonly prescribed medications were angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta blockers, and statins. The combined adjusted OR for all-cause mortality was found to be 2.51 (95%CI: 1.36–4.62), showing heterogeneity (I² = 65.51%, P = 0.03). On the other hand, the combined adjusted OR for MACE was determined to be 1.04 (95%CI: 1.02–1.06) with no significant heterogeneity observed (I² = 0%, P = 0.68). Through a sensitivity analysis, it was discovered that none of the studies significantly impacted the overall results of the meta-analysis, thus indicating their robustness.

CONCLUSION

Higher levels of adiponectin were found to be associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality and MACE in patients with CAD, which highlights its potential as a cost-effective marker for risk assessment and guiding treatment strategies. Further research on the role of adiponectin could greatly influence decision-making and resource allocation in CV care.

Keywords: Adiponectin; Stable coronary artery disease; Coronary artery disease; Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events; Mortality; Long-term; Systematic review; Meta-analysis

Core Tip: The persistent burden of cardiovascular (CV) disease in the United States requires innovative and cost-effective prognostic markers that can be relied upon. Higher levels of adiponectin are associated with increased long-term mortality and major adverse CV events in patients with coronary artery disease. This highlights adiponectin as a potential cost-effective prognostic marker for risk assessment and treatment guidance.