Effectiveness of early enteral nutrition support in patients undergoing gastrointestinal perforation repair surgery within the enhanced recovery

Table 1 Comparison of basic data, n (%)/mean ± SD

	Control group (n = 32)	Observation group (n = 34)	t/χ2	P value
Sex			0.391	0.532
Male	23 (71.88)	22 (64.71)
Female	9 (28.13)	12 (35.29)
Age	59.22 ± 10.88	57.21 ± 10.48	0.766	0.447
BMI (kg/m2)	22.83 ± 3.54	22.04 ± 2.62	1.033	0.306
ASA score			0.121	0.728
I	22 (68.75)	22 (64.71)
II	10 (31.25)	12 (35.29)
Surgical time (minute)	127.09 ± 21.26	129.79 ± 22.25	0.504	0.616
Gastrointestinal perforation location			0.507	0.776
Gastroduodenum	22 (68.75)	26 (76.47)
Small intestine	4 (12.50)	3 (8.82)
Large intestine	6 (18.75)	5 (14.71)

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of recovery outcomes, mean ± SD

	Control group (n = 32)	Observation group (n = 34)	t value	P value
Time to first flatus (hour)	16.83 ± 3.38	14.62 ± 2.89	2.859	0.006
Time to first bowel movement (hour)	20.74 ± 3.90	17.75 ± 2.43	3.762	< 0.001

Table 3 Comparison of nutritional function, M (P25, P75)

	Control group (n = 32)	Observation group (n = 34)	Z value	P value
PA (mg/L)
Preoperative	211.16 (182.85, 231.07)	202.25 (170.40, 233.07)	0.210	0.833
Postoperative day 1	151.30 (144.62, 155.39)a	157.81 (146.08, 161.97)a	1.557	0.120
Postoperative day 5	156.93 (145.20, 164.25)a	184.48 (175.41, 196.21)b	6.441	< 0.001
ALB (g/L)
Preoperative	42.58 (39.12, 44.58)	41.10 (38.23, 42.83)	1.662	0.097
Postoperative day 1	35.33 (32.77, 36.80)a	34.84 (33.56, 36.97)a	0.308	0.758
Postoperative day 5	35.24 (32.64, 38.35)a	41.17 (39.56, 42.72)b	4.885	< 0.001
Hb (g/L)
Preoperative	131.09 (126.31, 135.86)	133.17 (122.97, 140.40)	0.539	0.590
Postoperative day 1	119.94 (115.02, 124.57)a	118.82 (111.37, 125.07)a	0.597	0.551
Postoperative day 5	118.28 (114.61, 125.73)a	129.75 (121.53, 138.71)b	3.412	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 compared to preoperative values.

^bP < 0.05 compared to postoperative day 1.

ALB: Albumin; Hb: Hemoglobin; PA: Prealbumin.

Table 4 Comparison of immune function, M (P25, P75)

	Control group (n = 32)	Observation group (n = 34)	Z value	P value
IgA (g/L)
Preoperative	0.97 (0.90, 1.00)	0.90 (0.81, 1.02)	1.348	0.178
Postoperative day 1	0.85 (0.78, 0.94)a	0.83 (0.74, 0.88)a	1.040	0.298
Postoperative day 5	0.91 (0.79, 0.95)a	1.94 (1.48, 2.28)a,b	6.418	< 0.001
IgM (g/L)
Preoperative	0.47 (0.39, 0.55)	0.47 (0.38, 0.52)	0.315	0.753
Postoperative day 1	0.40 (0.34, 0.48)a	0.39 (0.32, 0.45)a	0.289	0.773
Postoperative day 5	0.42 (0.35, 0.46)a	1.65 (1.34, 1.90)a,b	6.977	< 0.001
IgG (g/L)
Preoperative	7.67 (6.83, 8.70)	7.44 (6.53, 8.29)	0.879	0.379
Postoperative day 1	6.66 (6.09, 7.36)a	6.77 (6.45, 7.66)a	0.122	0.903
Postoperative day 5	7.21 (6.21, 7.54)a	10.20 (9.59, 10.86)a,b	6.680	< 0.001
CRP (mg/L)
Preoperative	49.66 (41.96, 54.75)	49.78 (45.42, 56.11)	0.584	0.559
Postoperative day 1	60.25 (53.33, 76.13)a	62.26 (51.17, 71.33)a	0.565	0.572
Postoperative day 5	19.74 (16.79, 21.48)a,b	17.16 (15.37, 17.96)a,b	2.791	0.005

^aP < 0.05 compared to preoperative values.

^bP < 0.05 compared to postoperative day 1.

CRP: C-reactive protein; IgA: Immunoglobulin A; IgG: Immunoglobulin G; IgM: Immunoglobulin M.

Table 5 Comparison of adverse reactions, n (%)

	Control group (n = 32)	Observation group (n = 34)	χ2	P value
Overall incidence of adverse reactions	9 (28.13)	3 (8.82)	4.128	0.042
Abdominal distension	3 (9.38)	1 (2.94)
Vomiting	2 (6.25)	1 (2.94)
Diarrhea	2 (6.25)	0 (0)
Incisional infection	2 (6.25)	1 (2.94)