Applications of gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal tract disease

Table 1 Innovation in gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy

	Traditional methods	Interesting Innovation
Position of initial mucosal incision	Great curvature/posterior wall of the stomach	Both the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach
Identification of the PMR	Pull the endoscope out of the tunnel	Placing an inner clip or using double endoscope
Pyloromyotomy	Selective myotomy	More extensive myotomy

PMR: Pyloric muscle ring.

Table 2 Traditional medication treatment methods

Typical traditional drugs for gastroparesis	Disadvantages
Metoclopramide	Severe extrapyramidal side effects
Domperidone	Cardiovascular-related adverse effects
Erythromycin	Rapid tolerance
Ondansetron	Insignificant effect on gastric emptying
Prucalopride and Cisapride
Phenothiazines and Atropine