Artificial intelligence in gastrointestinal surgery: A systematic review

Figure 1 Methodological flow diagram of literature search and study inclusion process based on PRISMA guidelines. A total of 955 records were identified from Web of Science databases. After applying exclusion criteria based on publication type, indexation status, accessibility, language, and Web of Science categories, 45 studies were deemed eligible and included in the final systematic review.

Figure 2 Keyword word cloud. This figure was generated using the keywords from the 48 studies included in this systematic review. The size of each word reflects its frequency across the selected articles.

Figure 3 Temporal and quartile-based distribution of the included studies. A: The number of publications per year from 2019 to 2025; B: The quartile rankings (Q1-Q4) of the journals in which the articles were published.