New perspectives on exploitation of incretin peptides for the treatment of diabetes and related disorders

Table 1 Incretin-based drugs currently approved by the European Medicines Agency

Drug name	Primary mechanism of action	EMA approval date
Exenatide	GLP-1 receptor agonist	Nov-06
Sitagliptin	DPP-4 inhibitor	Mar-07
Vildagliptin	DPP-4 inhibitor	Sep-07
Liraglutide	GLP-1 receptor agonist	Jun-09
Saxagliptin	DPP-4 inhibitor	Oct-09
Exenatide-LAR	GLP-1 receptor agonist	Jun-11
Linagliptin	DPP-4 inhibitor	Aug-11
Lixisenatide	GLP-1 receptor agonist	Feb-13
Alogliptin	DPP-4 inhibitor	Sep-13
Dulaglutide	GLP-1 receptor agonist	Jan-15

DPP-4: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; LAR: Long-acting release; EMA: European medicines agency.