Efficacy and mechanism of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs for diabetic macular edema patients

Table 1 Baseline data between the two groups

Baseline data	Compaq group (n = 48)	Ranibizumab group (n = 48)	t/χ2 value	P value
Age (yr)	64.8 ± 7.2	66.3 ± 6.9	-1.042	0.300
BMI (kg/m2)	23.5 ± 2.3	23.2 ± 2.8	0.574	0.568
Before treatment: BCVA (LogMAR)	0.78 ± 0.12	0.80 ± 0.11	-0.851	0.397
Gender, n (%)			2.043	0.153
Male	27 (56.25)	20 (41.67)
Female	21 (43.75)	28 (58.33)
Distribution of affected side, n (%)			0.667	0.414
Left	22 (45.83)	26 (54.17)
Right	26 (54.17)	22 (45.83)

BCVA: Best corrected visual acuity.

Table 2 Comparison of estimated values of best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure between the two groups (mean ± SD)

Groups	BCVA (LogMAR)			IOP (mmHg)
	Before treatment	1 mo after treatment	3 mo after treatment	Before treatment	1 mo after treatment	3 mo after treatment
Compaq group (n = 48)	0.78 ± 0.12	0.72 ± 0.13	0.51 ± 0.10	16.84 ± 2.77	16.40 ± 2.81	16.39 ± 2.64
Ranibizumab group (n = 48)	0.80 ± 0.11	0.75 ± 0.14	0.57 ± 0.13	16.50 ± 2.80	16.72 ± 2.76	16.81 ± 2.82
t value	-0.851	-1.088	-2.535	0.598	-0.563	-0.753
P value	0.397	0.279	0.013	0.551	0.575	0.453

BCVA: Best corrected visual acuity; IOP: Intraocular pressure.

Table 3 Comparison of estimated values of macular retinal thickness, macular choroidal thickness, foveal no perfusion area between the two groups (mean ± SD)

Groups	Before treatment	1 mo after treatment	3 mo after treatment
CMT (μm)
Compaq group (n = 48)	445.8 ± 89.6	372.1 ± 76.0	210.6 ± 66.4
Ranibizumab group (n = 48)	452.7 ± 93.2	384.0 ± 80.6	243.1 ± 73.5
t value	-0.370	-0.744	-2.273
P value	0.712	0.459	0.025
SFCT (μm)
Compaq group (n = 48)	335.1 ± 55.9	323.4 ± 59.5	281.6 ± 54.0
Ranibizumab group (n = 48)	340.5 ± 58.3	330.5 ± 63.0	306.2 ± 57.3
t value	-0.463	-0.568	-2.165
P value	0.644	0.572	0.033
FAZ (mm2)
Compaq group (n = 48)	0.74 ± 0.10	0.72 ± 0.12	0.73 ± 0.11
Ranibizumab group (n = 48)	0.75 ± 0.12	0.74 ± 0.14	0.74 ± 0.11
t value	-0.444	-0.751	-0.445
P value	0.658	0.454	0.657

CMT: Macular retinal thickness; SFCT: Macular choroidal thickness; FAZ: Foveal no perfusion area.

Table 4 Comparison of vascular density in the shallow capillary plexus between the two groups (mean ± SD, %)

Groups	Before treatment	1 mo after treatment	3 mo after treatment
Fovea
Compaq group (n = 48)	20.64 ± 4.40	20.30 ± 3.95	20.28 ± 3.77
Ranibizumab group (n = 48)	20.90 ± 4.83	20.48 ± 4.20	20.37 ± 4.14
t value	-0.276	-0.216	-0.111
P value	0.783	0.829	0.912
Parafovea
Compaq group (n = 48)	38.56 ± 4.82	38.10 ± 4.50	37.73 ± 4.72
Ranibizumab group (n = 48)	39.10 ± 5.57	38.67 ± 5.53	38.38 ± 5.28
t value	-0.508	-0.554	-0.636
P value	0.613	0.581	0.526
Overall macular area
Compaq group (n = 48)	35.74 ± 5.10	35.43 ± 4.85	34.92 ± 5.51
Ranibizumab group (n = 48)	36.30 ± 5.34	35.67 ± 5.11	34.58 ± 5.18
t value	-0.525	-0.236	0.311
P value	0.601	0.814	0.756

Table 5 Comparison of vascular density in the deep capillary plexus between the two groups (mean ± SD, %)

Groups	Before treatment	1 mo after treatment	3 mo after treatment
Fovea
Compaq group (n = 48)	18.58 ± 3.80	18.23 ± 3.75	17.86 ± 4.12
Ranibizumab group (n = 48)	19.14 ± 4.00	18.78 ± 4.24	18.47 ± 3.96
t value	-0.703	-0.673	-0.740
P value	0.484	0.502	0.461
Parafovea
Compaq group (n = 48)	40.92 ± 5.73	40.51 ± 4.85	40.38 ± 5.22
Ranibizumab group (n = 48)	40.40 ± 5.51	40.10 ± 5.28	39.56 ± 4.87
t value	0.453	0.396	0.796
P value	0.651	0.693	0.428
Overall macular area
Compaq group (n = 48)	39.64 ± 4.85	39.40 ± 4.77	38.78 ± 4.62
Ranibizumab group (n = 48)	40.43 ± 5.18	39.93 ± 5.03	39.52 ± 4.85
t value	-0.771	-0.530	-0.765
P value	0.442	0.598	0.446

Table 6 Comparison of clinical efficiency between the two groups, n (%)

Groups	Markedly efficiency	Efficient	Invalid
Compaq group (n = 48)	34 (70.83)	13 (27.08)	1 (2.08)
Ranibizumab group (n = 48)	25 (52.08)	19 (39.58)	4 (8.33)
Z value	-1.993
P value	0.046

Table 7 Comparison of incidence of adverse reaction between the two groups, n (%)

Groups	Bulbar conjunctival hemorrhage	Too high intraocular pressure	Adverse reaction
Compaq group (n = 48)	2	1	3 (6.25)
Ranibizumab group (n = 48)	4	2	6 (12.50)
χ2 value			1.333
P value			0.248