Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Diabetes. Mar 15, 2022; 13(3): 240-250
Published online Mar 15, 2022. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.240
Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics
PCOS

Yes (n = 2545)
No (n = 2545)
P value
n
%
n
%

Age, yr> 0.99
18-24149758.8 149758.8
25-2958322.9 58322.9
30-3428911.4 28911.4
35-391174.60 1174.60
40-44451.77 451.77
≥ 45140.55 140.55
mean ± SD25.1 ± 5.8125.2 ± 5.910.63
Comorbidity
Disorders of lipid metabolism381.49381.49> 0.99
Cardiovascular disease30.1280.310.13
Hypertension271.06 271.06 > 0.99
Chronic kidney disease20.08 40.16 0.41
Cerebrovascular accident70.28 80.310.80
Infertility1515.93 1515.93> 0.99
Obesity271.06 271.06 > 0.99
Hashimoto’s disease50.20 40.160.74
Major depression180.71 271.060.18
Anxiety1696.64 1696.64> 0.99
Medication (during follow-up period)
Metformin2389.35 180.71< 0.0001
OCPs44317.4 722.83< 0.0001
Clomiphene138454.4 30211.9< 0.0001
Spironolactone1114.36 321.26< 0.0001
Table 2 Incidence rate and hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes between two groups stratified by gender, age, and comorbidity
PCOS

No
Yes
Crude
Adjusted

Event
PY
IR
Event
PY
IR
HR (95%CI)
P value
HR (95%CI)
P value
Overall38254831.49 159254606.254.19 (2.94, 5.97)< 0.00015.13 (3.51, 7.48)< 0.0001
Age
18-249154530.58 74153014.84 8.33 (4.17, 16.6)< 0.000110.4 (5.04, 21.4)< 0.0001
25-29956301.60 4057666.94 4.32 (2.10, 8.90)< 0.00015.28 (2.42, 11.5)< 0.0001
30-34927533.27 2727349.88 3.01 (1.42, 6.40)0.0044.06 (1.73, 9.53)0.001
35-39611175.37 1111349.70 1.81 (0.67, 4.90)0.242.14 (0.72, 6.35)0.17
40-44539912.53 539712.59 1.03 (0.30, 3.55)0.971.68 (0.38, 7.41)0.50
≥ 4501320.00 212815.63
Comorbidity1
Yes1738644.40 3238358.34 1.90 (1.06, 3.43)0.032.14 (1.14, 3.99)0.02
No21216200.97 127216255.87 6.05 (3.81, 9.60)< 0.00017.62 (4.68, 12.4)< 0.0001
Medication
Metformin
Yes219110.47 2123259.03 0.88 (0.21, 3.75)0.860.54 (0.1, 2.78)0.46
No36252921.42 138231355.96 4.19 (2.91, 6.05)< 0.00015.41 (3.67, 7.98)< 0.0001
OCPs
Yes07890.00 1745593.73
No38246951.54 142209016.79 4.42 (3.09, 6.32)< 0.00015.18 (3.54, 7.58)< 0.0001
Clomiphene
Yes533491.49 72144704.98 3.41 (1.38, 8.43)0.0083.26 (1.3, 8.21)0.01
No33221351.49 87109907.92 5.33 (3.57, 7.95)< 0.00015.93 (3.94, 8.92)< 0.0001
Spironolactone
Yes03490.00 412113.30
No38251351.51 155242496.39 4.23 (2.97, 6.04)< 0.00015.07 (3.47, 7.41)< 0.0001