Association of β-cell function and insulin resistance with pediatric type 2 diabetes among Chinese children

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and the control healthy population

	T2DM (n = 161)	Control population (n = 1935)	P value
Gender			0.068
Male	93/161 (57.8%)	973/1935 (50.3%)
Female	68/161 (42.2%)	962/1935 (49.7%)
Age, yr	12.4 ± 1.8	11.4 ± 2.5	< 0.0001c
BMI z-score	2.22 ± 0.91	0.33 ± 1.10	< 0.0001c
Birth weight, kg	3.52 ± 0.74	3.32 ± 0.46	< 0.0001c
Obesity status
Normal weight	19/153 (12.4%)	1558/1935 (80.5%)	< 0.0001c
Overweight	45/153 (29.4%)	232/1935 (12.0%)	< 0.0001c
Obesity	89/153 (58.2%)	145/1935 (7.5%)	< 0.0001c
Stage of puberty
Tanner I	24/101 (23.8%)	960/1841 (52.1%)	< 0.0001c
Tanner II	26/101 (25.7%)	231/1841 (12.5%)	< 0.0001c
Tanner III	20/101 (19.8%)	221/1841 (12.0%)	0.021a
Tanner IV	14/101 (13.9%)	319/1841 (17.3%)	0.37
Tanner V	17/101 (16.8%)	110/1841 (6.0%)	< 0.0001c
Family history of T2DM	75/159 (47.2%)	324/1871 (17.3%)	< 0.0001c
Fasting serum glucose (mmol/L)	10.6 (7.1-15.2)	4.6 (4.4-4.9)	< 0.0001c
Fasting serum insulin (mIU/L)	13.0 (7.5-25.9)	10.0 (6.9-14.1)	< 0.0001c
HbA1c (%)	11.5 (8.9-13.0)	5.2 (5.0-5.4)	< 0.0001c
Total triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.7 (1.11-2.63)	0.67 (0.51-0.90)	< 0.0001c
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.70 (3.94-5.40)	3.86 (3.45-4.30)	< 0.0001c
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.01 (2.45-3.47)	2.27 (1.93-2.70)	< 0.0001c
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.10 (0.92-1.27)	1.91 (1.64-2.19)	< 0.0001c
Dyslipidemia	108/135 (80.0%)	245/1935 (12.7%)	< 0.0001c
Elevated blood pressure	59/111 (53.2%)	231/1862 (12.4%)	< 0.0001c

^aP < 0.05.

^cP < 0.001. T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index.