Prevalence and impact of diabetes in patients with COVID-19 in China

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the 23 included studies

Ref.	Survey period	Sample size	Location	Age (mean or median)	Sex (male, %)	Prevalence of diabetes (%)	Quality score
Chen et al[17]	2020.1.1-2020.1.20	99	Wuhan China	55.5	67.68	12.12	7
Huang et al[1]	2019.12.16-2010.1.2	41	Wuhan China	49.0	73.17	19.51	7
Liu et al[18]	2019.12.30-2020.1.24	137	Wuhan China	57	44.53	10.22	7
Wang et al[19]	2020.1-2020.1.31	138	Wuhan China	56	54.35	10.14	7
Zhang et al[20]	2020.1.06-2020.2.3	140	Wuhan China	57	50.71	12.14	7
Chen et al[21]	2019.1 -2020 .2	150	Wuhan China	59	56.00	13.33	5
Guan et al[22]	2020.12.11-1.31	1590	China	48.9	56.86	8.18	9
Guo et al[23]	2020.1.23-2020.2.23	187	Wuhan China	58.5	48.66	14.97	7
Guo et al[4]	2020.2.10-2020.2.29	174	Wuhan China	59	43.68	21.26	6
Huang et al[9]	2019.12.21-2020.1.28	34	Wuhan China	56.24	41.18	11.76	4
China CDC[24]	As of 2020.2.11	44672	China	-	51.44	2.47	6
Lian et al[8]	2020.1.17-2020.2.12	788	Zhejiang China	45.8	51.65	7.23	7
Shi et al[7]	As of 2020.2.17	487	Zhejiang China	46	53.18	5.95	3
Li et al[25]	2020.1.18-2020.2.7	78	Zhuhai China	44.6	48.72	5.13	5
Liu et al[3]	2020.1.15-2020.2.18	56	Hainan China	53.75	55.36	7.14	6
Wan et al[26]	2020.1.23-2020.2.28	135	Chongqing China	47	53.33	8.89	5
Wang et al[27]	2020.1.21-2020.2.5	18	Zhengzhou China	39	55.56	16.67	5
Wu et al[28]	2019.12.25-2020.1.26	201	Wuhan China	51	63.68	10.95	7
Xu et al[29]	2020.1.23-2020.2.4	90	Guangzhou China	50	43.33	5.56	6
Yuan et al[30]	2020.1.11-2020.2.4	94	Shenzhen China	40	44.68	5.32	6
Yuan et al[31]	2020.1.1-2020.1.25	27	Wuhan China	60	44.44	22.22	5
Zhao et al[32]	2020.1.23-2020.1.31	37	Wuhan China	41	37.84	10.81	6
Zhou et al[33]	2019.12.29-2020.1.31	191	Wuhan China	56	62.30	18.85	7

One study[34] only reporting information on severe patients is not shown in the table. CDC: Centers for disease control.

Table 2 Pooled prevalence of diabetes among coronavirus disease 2019 patients in China

Item	Number of studies	Sample size	Diabetes	Prevalence(95%CI, %)	I2	P values
						Heterogeneity	Subgroup difference
Overall	23	49564	1573	10 (7-15)	97%	< 0.01	-
Subgroup analysis
Sample size							0.002
≤ 100	10	574	55	9 (6-11)	28%	0.14
100-200	8	1252	178	14 (11-16)	60%	0.02
> 200	5	49588	1340	7 (4-9)	94%	< 0.0001
Location							< 0.0001
Wuhan, China	13	1556	222	14 (12-16)	35%	0.12
Outside of Wuhan, China	8	1746	119	7 (6-8)	0%	0.79
China (all cities)	2	46262	1432	5 (0-11)	99%	< 0.0001
Age group							< 0.0001
≤ 50 yr	10	3358	257	7 (6-8)	10%	0.27
> 50 yr	12	1534	214	13 (11-16)	45%	0.05
ICU admission							0.94
ICU	2	112	20	15 (4-26)	47%	0.17
Non-ICU	2	1519	118	14 (3-35)	78%	0.03
Severity							< 0.0001
Severe	8	553	99	17 (14-20)	0%	0.92
Non-severe	7	2190	143	6 (5-8)	41%	0.05
Death							0.02
Death	5	1146	120	30 (13-46)	89%	< 0.0001
Survival	5	45508	1191	8 (2-15)	99%	< 0.0001

ICU: Intensive care unit.