Chronic hepatitis B with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Association between glycemic control and liver fibrosis

Figure 1 Patient categorization according to liver stiffness measurement and glycemic control.

Figure 2 Pair-wise comparisons among groups with differing fibrosis status (total n = 420, no fibrosis group n = 27, liver fibrosis group n = 121, and cirrhosis group n = 272). A: Alanine aminotransferase; B: Aspartate aminotransferase; C: Alkaline phosphatase; D: Aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for intergroup comparisons of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; S/L: Aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.001.

Figure 3 Pairwise comparisons among those with differing fibrosis status (total n = 420, no fibrosis group n = 27, liver fibrosis group n = 121, and cirrhosis group n = 272). A: Total bilirubin; B: True conjugated bilirubin; C: Thrombin time; D: Diabetes mellitus treatment program. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for intergroup comparisons of total bilirubin, true conjugated bilirubin and thrombin time, and the χ² test was used for intergroup comparisons of the diabetes mellitus regimens. TBIL: Total bilirubin; Bc-Tr: True conjugated bilirubin; TT: Thrombin time; DM: Diabetes mellitus. ^aP < 0.05.

Figure 4 Pair-wise comparisons among groups with differing glycemic control status at admission (total n = 415, good glycemic control n = 155, moderate glycemic control n = 92, and poor glycemic control n = 168). A: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; B: Albumin. The least significant difference method was used for intergroup comparisons of gamma-glutamyl transferase, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for intergroup comparisons of albumin. GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALB: Albumin. ^aP < 0.05.

Figure 5 Pair-wise comparisons of groups receiving different diabetes mellitus treatment regimens (total n = 420, untreated group n = 143, insulin group n = 172, drug group n = 71, and insulin + drug group n = 34). The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used. LSM: Liver stiffness measurement. ^bP < 0.001.

Figure 6 Schematic of the analysis of the mediating effects of independent, mediating, and dependent variables. a: Regression coefficients for the effect of independent variables on the mediating variables; b: Regression coefficient for the effect of the mediating variable on the dependent variable; c: Total effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable without considering the mediating variable; e1: Residual.