Role of novel biomarkers in diabetic cardiomyopathy

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the diabetic cardiomyopathy phases. Each background color corresponds to its respective phase: green (early phase), yellow (advanced phase), red (late phase). The red line represents the incremental nature of symptom severity. SNS: Sympathetic nervous system; GLUT4: Glucose transporter type 4; RAAS: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System.

Figure 2 Molecular targets of the diabetic cardiomyopathy biomarkers in cardiomyoctes. MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B; IGFBP7: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7; GLUT4: Glucose transporter type 4.

Figure 3 Molecular target of the soluble form of suppression of tumorigenicity 2. sST2: Soluble form of suppression of tumorigenicity 2; IL-33: Interleukin-33; ST2L: Suppression of tumorigenicity 2 ligand; T_H2: T helper lymphocyte type 2.