Bergamin CS, Dib SA. Enterovirus and type 1 diabetes: What is the matter? World J Diabetes 2015; 6(6): 828-839 [PMID: 26131324 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i6.828]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Sergio Atala Dib, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 781 - 12 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo SP-04039001, Brazil. sergio.dib@unifesp.br
Research Domain of This Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Diabetes. Jun 25, 2015; 6(6): 828-839 Published online Jun 25, 2015. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i6.828
Enterovirus and type 1 diabetes: What is the matter?
Carla Sanchez Bergamin, Sergio Atala Dib
Carla Sanchez Bergamin, Sergio Atala Dib, Department of Medicine, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Pedro de Toledo, São Paulo SP-04039001, Brazil
Author contributions: Bergamin CS and Dib SA equally contributed to this paper.
Conflict-of-interest: None.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Sergio Atala Dib, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 781 - 12 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo SP-04039001, Brazil. sergio.dib@unifesp.br
Telephone: +55-11-55764744 Fax: +55-11-55796636
Received: December 3, 2014 Peer-review started: December 4, 2014 First decision: December 26, 2014 Revised: January 30, 2015 Accepted: April 8, 2015 Article in press: April 9, 2015 Published online: June 25, 2015
Core Tip
Core tip: A complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors can trigger the immune-mediated mechanism responsible for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) establishment. The role of environmental factors in this process has been exhaustive studied and viruses are among the most probable ones, especially enteroviruses. Improvements in enterovirus detection methods and randomized studies with patient follow-up have confirmed the importance of these viruses in the pathogenesis of T1DM. However the frequency of viruses induces autoimmunity or β-cell destruction and the mechanisms and pathways how they increment the autoimmunity in T1DM still to be determined. Here, we review these mechanisms and all evolution in enterovirus studies and T1DM. Advances in molecular and genomic studies may facilitate the identification of pathways at earlier stages of autoimmunity when preventive and therapeutic approaches may be more effective.
