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Rochester CD, Akiyode O. Novel and emerging diabetes mellitus drug therapies for the type 2 diabetes patient. World J Diabetes 2014; 5(3): 305-315 [PMID: 24936252 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i3.305]
World J Diabetes. Jun 15, 2014; 5(3): 305-315 Published online Jun 15, 2014. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i3.305
Novel and emerging diabetes mellitus drug therapies for the type 2 diabetes patient
Charmaine D Rochester, Oluwaranti Akiyode
Charmaine D Rochester, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
Oluwaranti Akiyode, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, Howard University College of Pharmacy, Washington, DC 20059, United States
Author contributions: Both Rochester CD and Akiyode O contributed to the conception of the document, drafting the outline, reviewing research articles and the writing of the paper; the drug classes were divided between the two authors; both Rochester CD and Akiyode O reviewed the final paper for grammar, clarity, consistency and accuracy; they revised the document critically to ensure important intellectual content; both authors would give final approval of the version to be published.
Correspondence to: Charmaine D Rochester, PharmD, CDE, BCPS, BCACP, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States. crochest@rx.umaryland.edu
Telephone: +1-410-7064336 Fax: +1-410-7065906
Received: December 9, 2013 Revised: January 24, 2014 Accepted: April 3, 2014 Published online: June 15, 2014 Processing time: 189 Days and 4.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of deranged fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism resulting in hyperglycemia. Limited efficacy, adverse effects, cost, contraindications, renal dosage adjustments, inflexible dosing schedules and weight gain significantly limit the use of currently available anti-hyperglycemic agents. In the past, drug researchers targeted defects of pancreatic β-cell failure and insulin resistance, but more recent attention has shifted to other contributing factors. This article reviews new and emerging diabetes classes, including the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors, glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors, G protein-coupled receptor agonists, and glucokinase activators.
