Limitations of glycated hemoglobin and emerging biomarkers for diabetes care after bariatric surgery

doi:10.4239/wjd.v16.i7.107928

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Jul 15, 2025; 16(7): 107928
Published online Jul 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i7.107928

Limitations of glycated hemoglobin and emerging biomarkers for diabetes care after bariatric surgery

Uchenna Esther Okpete, Haewon Byeon

Uchenna Esther Okpete, Department of Digital Anti-aging Healthcare (BK21), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, South Korea

Haewon Byeon, Worker's Care & Digital Health Lab, Department of Future Technology, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan 31253, South Korea

Author contributions: Okpete UE and Byeon H contributed to this paper and assisted with writing the article; Byeon H designed the study; Okpete UE was involved in data interpretation and developed methodology; and all authors thoroughly reviewed and endorsed the final manuscript.

Supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, No. NRF- RS 2023-00237287.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Haewon Byeon, PhD, Associate Professor, Director, Worker's Care & Digital Health Lab, Department of Future Technology, Korea University of Technology and Education, 1600, Chungjeol-ro, Cheonan 31253, South Korea. bhwpuma@naver.com

Received: March 31, 2025
Revised: April 28, 2025
Accepted: June 10, 2025
Published online: July 15, 2025
Processing time: 105 Days and 21.5 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Alternative biomarkers to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), such as glycated albumin (GA) and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), can provide better monitoring of glycemic control post-bariatric surgery by overcoming some of the limitations of using HbA1c in this respect. Although GA and 1,5-AG offer significant advantages for short-term and real-time glycemic monitoring, challenges such as assay standardization and lack of consensus on optimal protocols must be addressed before these biomarkers can be routinely implemented in clinical practice. Further validation is needed for their effective use in post-bariatric surgery diabetes management.