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©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Jul 15, 2020; 11(7): 269-279
Published online Jul 15, 2020. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i7.269
Published online Jul 15, 2020. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i7.269
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors’ mechanisms of action in heart failure
Petra Grubić Rotkvić, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Maja Cigrovski Berković, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
Maja Cigrovski Berković, Department for Medicine of Sports and Exercise, Faculty of Kinesiology University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
Nikola Bulj, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
Luka Rotkvić, Department of Cardiology, Magdalena Clinic for Cardiovascular Disease, Krapinske Toplice 49217, Croatia
Ivana Ćelap, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
Author contributions: All authors contributed to the original ideas and writing of this paper. Grubić Rotkvić P and Cigrovski Berković M designed the report; Grubić Rotkvić P analyzed the data and wrote the paper; Cigrovski Berković M, Bulj N, Rotkvić L and Ćelap I participated in data acquisition, drafting and revising the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Drs. Petra Grubić Rotkvić, Maja Cigrovski Berković, Nikola Bulj, Luka Rotkvić, and Ivana Ćelap have no conflict of interest or financial ties to disclose.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Petra Grubić Rotkvić, MD, Doctor, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Sveti Duh 64, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. petra.grubic84@gmail.com
Received: February 17, 2020
Peer-review started: February 17, 2020
First decision: May 5, 2020
Revised: May 11, 2020
Accepted: May 28, 2020
Article in press: May 28, 2020
Published online: July 15, 2020
Peer-review started: February 17, 2020
First decision: May 5, 2020
Revised: May 11, 2020
Accepted: May 28, 2020
Article in press: May 28, 2020
Published online: July 15, 2020
Core Tip
Core tip: Three major cardiovascular outcome trials with a new class of antidiabetic drugs-sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors unexpectedly showed that cardiovascular outcomes could be improved due to a reduction in heart failure events. Moreover, recently dapagliflozin was shown to reduce heart failure risk for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction regardless of diabetic status. Currently, there is much doubt regarding the mechanisms of action of these drugs. The most logic explanation is that they are timely targeting various mechanisms underpinning heart failure pathogenesis due to pleiotropic effects which are discussed in the main text.