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World J Diabetes. May 15, 2015; 6(4): 654-661
Published online May 15, 2015. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i4.654
Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gene polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome
Chen Dong, Hui Zhou, Chong Shen, Lu-Gang Yu, Yi Ding, Yong-Hong Zhang, Zhi-Rong Guo
Chen Dong, Hui Zhou, Yong-Hong Zhang, Zhi-Rong Guo, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
Hui Zhou, Lu-Gang Yu, Yi Ding, Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
Chong Shen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
Author contributions: Dong C and Guo ZR proposed the manuscript concept and surveyed the literature; Zhou H, Shen C, Yu LG, Ding Y and Zhang YH generated relevant background and expanded the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest: All of authors declared that they have no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Zhi-Rong Guo, MD, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China. guozhirong28@163.com
Telephone: +86-512-65880079 Fax: +86-512-65884830
Received: August 28, 2014
Peer-review started: August 28, 2014
First decision: December 17, 2014
Revised: December 27, 2014
Accepted: February 9, 2015
Article in press: February 11, 2015
Published online: May 15, 2015
Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are the serious public health problems worldwide. Moreover, it is estimated that MetS patients have about five-fold greater risk of the T2DM development compared with people without the syndrome. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are a subgroup of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors which play an important role in the pathogenesis of MetS and T2DM. All three members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) nuclear receptor subfamily, PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ are critical in regulating insulin sensitivity, adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and blood pressure. Recently, more and more studies indicated that the gene polymorphism of PPARs, such as Leu162Val and Val227Ala of PPARα, +294T > C of PPARβ/δ, Pro12Ala and C1431T of PPARγ, are significantly associated with the onset and progressing of MetS and T2DM in different population worldwide. Furthermore, a large body of evidence demonstrated that the glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism were influenced by gene-gene interaction among PPARs genes. However, given the complexity pathogenesis of metabolic disease, it is unlikely that genetic variation of a single locus would provide an adequate explanation of inter-individual differences which results in diverse clinical syndromes. Thus, gene-gene interactions and gene-environment interactions associated with T2DM and MetS need future comprehensive studies.

Keywords: Polymorphisms, Metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

Core tip: Recently, more and more studies indicated that the gene polymorphism influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), including PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ, acted as a pivotal role in the onset and progressing of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We reviewed the recent advances in the relationships between PPARs polymorphisms and MetS and T2DM. Also, we discussed the effects of gene-gene interaction among PPARs genes on the MetS and T2DM herein.