Glycemic control indicators in patients with neonatal diabetes mellitus

doi:10.4239/wjd.v5.i2.198

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Apr 15, 2014 (publication date) through May 5, 2024

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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World J Diabetes. Apr 15, 2014; 5(2): 198-208
Published online Apr 15, 2014. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i2.198

Glycemic control indicators in patients with neonatal diabetes mellitus

Shigeru Suzuki, Masafumi Koga

Shigeru Suzuki, Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan

Masafumi Koga, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawanishi City Hospital, Kawanishi, Hyogo 664-8533, Japan

Author contributions: Suzuki S wrote the first draft of the manuscript; Koga M edited and supervised the manuscripts.

Correspondence to: Masafumi Koga, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawanishi City Hospital, Kawanishi, Hyogo 664-8533, Japan. m-koga@kawanishi-city-hospital.com

Telephone: +81-72-7942321 Fax: +81-72-7946321

Received: November 26, 2013
Revised: January 24, 2014
Accepted: March 13, 2014
Published online: April 15, 2014

Abstract

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a type of diabetes mellitus caused by genetic abnormality which develops in insulin dependent state within 6 mo after birth. HbA1c is widely used in clinical practice for diabetes mellitus as the gold standard glycemic control indicator; however, fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is the main hemoglobin in neonates and so HbA1c cannot be used as a glycemic control indicator in NDM. Glycated albumin (GA), another glycemic control indicator, is not affected by HbF. We reported that GA can be used as a glycemic control indicator in NDM. However, it was later found that because of increased metabolism of albumin, GA shows an apparently lower level in relation to plasma glucose in NDM; measures to solve this problem were needed. In this review, we outlined the most recent findings concerning glycemic control indicators in neonates or NDM.

Keywords: Glycemic control, HbA1c, Glycated albumin, Fructosamine, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, Neonatal diabetes mellitus

Core tip: Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a type of diabetes mellitus caused by genetic abnormality which develops in insulin dependent state within 6 mo after birth. Because fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is the main hemoglobin in neonates, HbA1c cannot be used as a glycemic control indicator in NDM. On the other hand, glycated albumin (GA), another glycemic control indicator, is not affected by HbF. We reported that GA can be used as a glycemic control indicator in NDM. In this review, we outlined the most recent findings concerning glycemic control indicators in neonates or NDM.